A5043221138- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Energy and Environment Impacts
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
- Dental Research and COVID-19
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
2016-2024
University of Oxford
2023-2024
Oxford BioMedica (United Kingdom)
2023-2024
Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição
2023
Universitat de Barcelona
2011-2015
BackgroundAlthough recent epidemiological data suggest that pneumococci may contribute to the risk of SARS-CoV-2 disease, cases coinfection with Streptococcus pneumoniae in patients coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during hospitalization have been reported infrequently. This apparent contradiction be explained by interactions severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and upper airway, resulting escape from protective host immune responses.MethodsHere, we investigated relationship...
Abstract Respiratory mucosal immunity induced by vaccination is vital for protection from coronavirus infection in animal models. In humans, the capacity of peripheral to generate sustained lung mucosa, and how this influenced prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, unknown. Here we show using bronchoalveolar lavage samples that donors with history both have more airway antibodies memory B cells than those only vaccinated. Infection also induces populations spike-specific CD4+ CD8+ T are not expanded...
The morbidity and mortality related to respiratory tract diseases is enormous, with hundreds of millions individuals afflicted four million people dying each year. Understanding the immunological processes in mucosa that govern outcome following pathogenic encounter could lead novel therapies. There a need study responses at mucosal surfaces humans for two reasons: (i) Immunological findings mice, or other animals, often fail translate humans. (ii) Compartmentalization immune system dictates...
Abstract Control of Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation at human mucosal surfaces is critical to reducing the burden pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease, interrupting transmission, achieving herd protection. Here, we use an experimental carriage model (EHPC) show that S. associated with epithelial surface adherence, micro-colony formation invasion, without overt disease. Interactions between different strains epithelium shaped host transcriptomic response in vitro. Using modules...
Rationale: We have previously demonstrated that experimental pneumococcal carriage enhances immunity and protects healthy adults against reacquisition after rechallenge with a homologous strain.Objectives: To investigate the role of naturally acquired protein polysaccharide (PS)-specific in protection acquisition using heterologous challenge model.Methods: identified volunteers were colonized pneumococcus and, clearance their natural episode, challenged them 6B strain. In another cohort we...
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) is a common cause of respiratory infection, but also frequently colonizes the nasopharynx in absence disease. We used mass cytometry to study immune cells from nasal biopsy samples collected following experimental human pneumococcal challenge order identify immunological mechanisms control Spn colonization. Using 37 markers, we characterized 293 cell clusters, which 7 were associated with B and CD8+CD161+ T clusters significantly lower colonized than...
Rationale: Pneumococcal pneumonia remains a global health problem. Colonization of the nasopharynx with Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), although prerequisite infection, is main source exposure and immunological boosting in children adults. However, our knowledge how nasal colonization impacts on lung cells, especially predominant alveolar macrophage (AM) population, limited.Objectives: Using controlled human infection model to achieve 6B serotype, we investigated effect Spn cells.Methods: We...
Influenza virus infections affect millions of people annually, and current available vaccines provide varying rates protection. However, the way in which nasal microbiota, particularly established pneumococcal colonization, shape response to influenza vaccination is not yet fully understood. In this study, we inoculated healthy adults with live Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccinated them 3 days later either tetravalent-inactivated vaccine (TIV) or attenuated (LAIV). Vaccine-induced immune...
ABSTRACT Nasopharyngeal pneumococcal colonisation is a necessary step for disease development and the primary reservoir of bacterial spread transmission. Most epidemiological studies report impact co-infection with respiratory viruses upon rates outcome, but their effect on carriage acquisition load scarcely described. Here, we used controlled human infection pneumococcus to assess whether certain alter susceptibility density. A total 581 healthy adults were screened presence upper tract...
Widespread use of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCV) has reduced vaccine-type nasopharyngeal colonisation and invasive pneumococcal disease. In a double-blind, randomised controlled trial using the Experimental Human Challenge (EHPC) model, PCV-13 (Prevenar-13) conferred 78% protection against acquisition bacterial intensity (AUC) as measured by classical culture. We used multiplex qPCR assay targeting lytA serotype 6A/B cpsA genes to re-assess status same volunteers. Increase in...
Rationale: Pneumococcal colonization is key to the pathogenesis of invasive disease but also immunogenic in young adults, protecting against recolonization. Colonization rarely detected older despite high rates pneumococcal disease.Objectives: To establish experimental human healthy adults aged 50-84 years, measure immune response challenge, and assess protective effect prior autologous strain rechallenge.Methods: Sixty-four participants were inoculated with Streptococcus pneumoniae...
Colonization of the upper respiratory tract with Streptococcus pneumoniae is precursor pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive disease. Following exposure, however, it unclear which human immune mechanisms determine whether a pathogen will colonize. We used challenge model to investigate host-pathogen interactions in first hours days following intranasal exposure Using novel home sampling method, we measured early responses bacterial density dynamics nose saliva after volunteers were...
Pneumococcal pneumonia remains a global health problem. colonization increases local and systemic protective immunity, suggesting that nasal administration of live attenuated
Pneumococcal carriage in children has been extensively studied, but healthy adults and its relationship to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is less understood.
In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Leishmania major and L. tropica are main causative agents Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). The national CL treatment regimen consists topical 1% clotrimazole/2% fusidic acid cream followed by 1–2 courses intralesional sodium stibogluconate (SSG); however, efficacy is highly variable reasons for this not well understood. study, we present a complete epidemiological map determined standard regime in several endemic regions KSA. Overall, three...
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) are recognized as potential delivery vehicles for vaccines. PLGA is a biocompatible polymer synonymous with polymeric NPs, which can be coated other polymers such chitosan that has intrinsic adjuvant properties well mucoadhesive properties. Numerous modifications and variations exist chitosan, influence the NP characteristics resulting immunogenicity. The current study investigated making NPs incorporating recombinant pneumococcal surface protein A from family...
Rationale:Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 (SPN3) is a cause of invasive pneumococcal disease and associated with low carriage rates. Following the introduction pediatric 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13) programs, SPN3 declines are less than other serotypes incidence has increased in some populations coincident shift predominant circulating clade, from I to II. A human challenge model provides an effective means for assessing impact PCV13 on upper airway. Objectives: To establish...
Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused an unprecedented strain on healthcare systems worldwide, including the United Kingdom National Health Service (NHS). We conducted observational cohort study of infection in frontline workers (HCW) working acute NHS Trust during first wave pandemic, to answer emerging questions surrounding infection, diagnosis, transmission and control. Methods Using self-collected weekly saliva twice combined oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal (OP/NP) samples, addition...