A5048762166- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Polyomavirus and related diseases
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Full-Duplex Wireless Communications
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Malaria Research and Control
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Antenna Design and Analysis
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
Hokkaido University
2016-2025
Sapporo University
2023-2024
Health Sciences University of Hokkaido
2023-2024
University of Miyazaki
2022
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2020
University of Zambia
2015-2020
Lusaka Apex Medical University
2020
Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock
2020
University of Edinburgh
2020
University of Florida
2020
Abstract The emergence of the Omicron variant SARS-CoV-2 is an urgent global health concern 1 . In this study, our statistical modelling suggests that has spread more rapidly than Delta in several countries including South Africa. Cell culture experiments showed to be less fusogenic and ancestral strain SARS-CoV-2. Although spike (S) protein efficiently cleaved into two subunits, which facilitates cell–cell fusion 2,3 , S was compared proteins Furthermore, a hamster model, decreased lung...
This paper demonstrates how the shape and size of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) affect immunological responses in vivo vitro for production antibodies West Nile virus (WNV). We prepared spherical (20 40 nm diameter), rod (40 × 10 nm), cubic nm) AuNPs as adjuvants coated them with WNV envelope (E) protein. measured anti-WNVE after inoculation these WNVE-coated (AuNP-Es) into mice. The AuNP-Es (Sphere40-Es) induced highest level WNVE-specific antibodies, while (Rod-Es) only 50% that Sphere40-E....
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in millions of deaths and threatens public health safety. Despite the rapid global spread COVID-19 vaccines, effective oral antiviral drugs are urgently needed. Here, we describe discovery S-217622, first noncovalent, nonpeptidic SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitor clinical candidate. S-217622 was discovered via virtual screening followed biological an in-house compound...
Soon after the emergence and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron lineage BA.1, another lineage, BA.2, began outcompeting BA.1. The results statistical analysis showed that effective reproduction number BA.2 is 1.4-fold higher than Neutralization experiments revealed immunity induced by COVID vaccines widely administered to human populations not against similar antigenicity notably different from Cell culture spike confers replication efficacy in nasal epithelial cells more efficient...
The bioactive lysophospholipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) promotes the egress of newly formed T cells from thymus and release immature B bone marrow. It has remained unclear, however, where how S1P is released. Here, we show that in mice, transporter spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) responsible for mature marrow, respectively. Global Spns2-KO mice exhibited marked accumulation thymi decreased numbers peripheral blood secondary lymphoid organs. Mature recirculating were reduced...
The spike (S) protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to a host cell receptor which facilitates viral entry. A polybasic motif detected at the cleavage site S has been shown broaden tropism and transmissibility virus. Here we examine properties SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations that undergo inefficient proteolytic cleavage. Virus gene generated smaller plaques exhibited more limited range compared wild-type strain. These alterations were result from...
Abstract The MHC class I-mediated antigen presentation pathway plays a critical role in antiviral immunity. Here we show that the I is targeted by SARS-CoV-2. Analysis of gene expression profile from COVID-19 patients as well SARS-CoV-2 infected epithelial cell lines reveals induction inhibited infection. We NLRC5, an transactivator, suppressed both transcriptionally and functionally ORF6 protein, providing mechanistic link. hampers type II interferon-mediated STAT1 signaling, resulting...
In parallel with vaccination, oral antiviral agents are highly anticipated to act as countermeasures for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Oral medication demands not only high activity but also target specificity, favorable bioavailability, and metabolic stability. Although a large number compounds have been identified potential inhibitors SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, few proven be effective vivo....
OBJECTIVE—Adipose tissue serves as an integrator of various physiological pathways, energy balance, and glucose homeostasis. Forkhead box–containing protein O subfamily (FoxO) 1 mediates insulin action at the transcriptional level. However, roles FoxO1 in adipose remain unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—In present study, we generated tissue–specific transgenic mice (adipocyte 2 [aP2]-FLAG-Δ256) using aP2 promoter/enhancer a mutant (FLAGΔ256) which carboxyl terminal transactivation domain...
Virus infections can result in a range of cellular injuries and commonly this involves both the plasma intracellular membranes, resulting enhanced permeability. Viroporins are group proteins that interact with membranes modifying permeability promote release viral particles. While these not essential for virus replication, their activity certainly promotes growth. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is fatal demyelinating disease from lytic infection oligodendrocytes by...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes host proteases, including a plasma membrane-associated transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) to cleave and activate the virus spike protein facilitate cellular entry. Although TMPRSS2 is well-characterized type II protease (TTSP), role of other TTSPs on replication SARS-CoV-2 remains be elucidated. Here, we have screened 12 using human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-expressing HEK293T (293T-ACE2) cells Vero E6...
Abstract The increasing burden of tick-borne orthonairovirus infections, such as Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, is becoming a global concern for public health. In the present study, we identify novel orthonairovirus, designated Yezo virus (YEZV), from two patients showing acute febrile illness with thrombocytopenia and leukopenia after tick bite in Hokkaido, Japan, 2019 2020, respectively. YEZV phylogenetically grouped Sulina detected Ixodes ricinus ticks Romania. infection has been...
Abstract Soon after the emergence and global spread of a new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron lineage, BA.1 (ref 1, ), another BA.2, has initiated outcompeting BA.1. Statistical analysis shows that effective reproduction number BA.2 is 1.4-fold higher than Neutralisation experiments show vaccine-induced humoral immunity fails to function against like BA.1, notably, antigenicity different from Cell culture more replicative in human nasal epithelial cells...
Potent neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies often target the spike protein receptor-binding site (RBS), but variability of RBS epitopes hampers broad neutralization multiple sarbecoviruses and drifted viruses. Here, using humanized mice, we identified an antibody with a germline VH gene that potently neutralized SARS-related coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV variants. X-ray crystallography revealed coordinated recognition by heavy chain non-RBS conserved sites light binding angle mimicking...
The pathogenesis of clinical manifestations caused by newly emerging tick-borne phleboviruses [i.e., Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) and Heartland (HRTV)], such as severe lymphocytopenia, are not yet fully understood. In the present study, to establish an animal model mimicking profile fatal human cases, we examined susceptibilities adult mice from 12 strains, aged two cynomolgus macaques SFTSV and/or HRTV infections. However, none these immunocompetent animals...
Rabies virus (RABV) is the causative agent of fatal neurological disease. Cellular attachment initial and essential step for viral infections. Although extensive studies have demonstrated that RABV uses various target cell molecules to mediate infection, no specific molecule has been identified as an factor infection. Here we demonstrate cellular heparan sulfate (HS) supports adhesion subsequent entry into cells. Enzymatic removal HS reduced susceptibility heparin, a highly sulfated form HS,...
SARS-CoV-2 uses its spike protein to enter target cells. The is cleaved by a host protease, and this event facilitates viral entry broadens cell tropism.
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated the development of antiviral agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is a promising target for COVID-19 treatment. Here, we report new class covalent inhibitors 3CLpro that possess chlorofluoroacetamide (CFA) as cysteine-reactive warhead. Based on an aza-peptide scaffold, synthesized series CFA derivatives in enantiopure form and evaluated their biochemical efficiency. data...
Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in millions of deaths and threatens public health safety. Despite the rapid global spread COVID-19 vaccines, effective oral antiviral drugs are urgently needed. Here, we describe discovery S-217622, first non-covalent, non-peptidic SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitor clinical candidate. S-217622 was discovered via virtual screening followed biological an in-house...
Large T antigen (TAg) of the human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) possesses DNA binding and helicase activities, which, together with various cellular proteins, are required for replication viral genome. We now show that JCV-infected cells expressing TAg accumulate in G(2) phase cell cycle as a result activation ATM- ATR-mediated checkpoint pathways. Transient transfection expression vector also induced signaling arrest. Analysis mutants different subnuclear localizations suggested association...
Human monkeypox is a viral zoonosis caused by virus, an orthopoxvirus (OPXV). The majority of human cases have been reported in moist forested regions West and Central Africa, particularly the Democratic Republic Congo (DRC). In this study we investigated zoonotic OPXV infection among wild animals Zambia, which shares border with DRC, to assess geographical distribution OPXV. We screened for antibodies sera from non-human primates (NHPs), rodents shrews ELISA, performed real-time PCR detect...
Two captive cheetahs from a zoo in Japan died of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome-like illness. Severe syndrome virus, an endemic tickborne phlebovirus, was detected systemically secretion infectious viruses into the saliva. These cases highlight risk for exposure animals to arthropodborne pathogens.