A5051944739- Hepatitis C virus research
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Respiratory viral infections research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Delphi Technique in Research
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2013-2024
Deakin University
2021-2023
University of London
2017-2022
University of Manchester
2021
University College London
2000-2010
Great Ormond Street Hospital
2002-2009
Medical Research Council
2009
Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
2003-2008
UCL Australia
2008
National Health Service
2006
Objectives To estimate occupational differences in COVID-19 mortality and test whether these are confounded by factors such as regional differences, ethnicity education or due to non-workplace factors, deprivation prepandemic health. Methods Using a cohort study of over 14 million people aged 40–64 years living England, we analysed death involving COVID-19, assessed between 24 January 2020 28 December 2020. We estimated age-standardised rates (ASMRs) per 100 000 person-years at risk...
Data were collected from 104 infected children who followed up birth for a mean of 49 (range, 6–153) months in 22 European centers, to outline the natural history perinatal hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Fifty-four persistently HCV RNA positive, 44 occasionally and 6 never had detectable viremia. At least 90% evidence ongoing infection at latest analysis. Eighteen became negative their last assessments, but 40% these high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations. Infection was...
ObjectiveTo estimate the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and varicella zoster (VZV) among pregnant women in Bradford by ethnic group country birth. MethodsA stratified random sample 949 enrolled Born birth cohort was selected to ensure sufficient numbers White UK born women, Asian Asia. Serum samples taken at 24-28 weeks' gestation were tested for CMV IgG, EBV IgG VZV IgG. Each woman completed a questionnaire which included socio-demographic information....
Background Exposure to SARS-CoV-2, subsequent development of COVID-19 and death from may vary by occupation, the risks be higher for those categorised as ‘essential workers’. Methods We estimated excess mortality occupational group sex separately each month in 2020 entire 12 months overall. Results Mortality all adults working age was similar annual average over previous 5 years. Monthly peaked April, when number deaths 54.2% than expected lowest December were 30.0% lower expected. Essential...
As evidence accumulates relating to mother-to-child (vertical) transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV), it is timely draw up guidelines for the clinical management HCV infected pregnant women and their children.A review from European Paediatric Network (EPHN) prospective study children other published studies. Meeting EPHN experts reach a consensus on recommendations management. Each recommendation was graded according level evidence.Although several risk factors have been identified, none...
Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are commonly used to indicate liver damage. Although elevated possible injury, abnormalities, or disease, some patients with "normal" ALT have minimal mild disease. Recently, reference ranges for adults were queried and revised proposed lower upper limits of normality. The appropriateness current paediatric is unclear.Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-uninfected children from the European Paediatric HCV Network represent a large population healthy born...
The World Asthma Phenotypes (WASP) study started in 2016 and has been conducted five centres, the UK, New Zealand, Brazil, Ecuador Uganda. objectives of this are to combine detailed biomarker clinical information order 1) better understand characterise asthma phenotypes high-income countries (HICs) low middle-income (LMICs), high prevalence centres; 2) compare phenotype characteristics, including severity; 3) assess risk factors for each phenotype; 4) how distribution differs between...
Abstract Background It is widely accepted that the risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) vertical transmission (VT) 5%–6% in monoinfected women, and 25%–40% HCV infection clears spontaneously within 5 years. However, there no consensus on how VT rates should be estimated, a lack information “net” clearance. Methods We reanalyzed data 1749 children 3 prospective cohorts to obtain coherent estimates overall rate net clearance at different ages. Clearance were used impute proportion uninfected who...
The Causes And MEchanisms foR non-atopic Asthma in children (CAMERA) study was designed to investigate risk factors and mechanisms of asthma young adults Brazil, Ecuador, Uganda, New Zealand. Initial epidemiological analyses using existing datasets identified compared for both atopic asthma. focus this paper is the protocol sample collection analysis clinical data on possible mechanisms. In each four centres, CAMERA will enroll 160 participants aged 10-28 years, equally distributed among...
Background: Asthma is an umbrella diagnosis encompassing distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. While a global problem, our understanding of the interplay between respiratory microbiology and airway inflammation largely from populations in high income settings. As result, treatment approaches align poorly with asthma characteristics less studied populations. Objective: To identify conserved geographically relationships microbiota young people asthma. Methods: We conducted cross-sectional...
The aim of the study was to estimate sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, likelihood ratios for HCV-RNA PCR tests early diagnosis or exclusion HCV infection in vertically exposed children. Data were included children with confirmed status from a European multi-center study. Confirmation dependent on antibody at beyond 18 months, 'gold standard' measure against which use qualitative assessed. Of 547 this analysis, 193 HCV-infected 354 not. Sensitivity...
Abstract Objective To estimate occupational differences in COVID-19 mortality, and test whether these are confounded by factors, such as regional differences, ethnicity education or due to non-workplace deprivation pre-pandemic health. Design Retrospective cohort study Setting People living private households England Participants 14,295,900 people aged 40-64 years (mean age 52 years, 51% female) who were alive on 24 January 2020, 2019, employed 2011, completed the 2011 census. Main outcome...
Abstract Background Current guidelines recommend that infants born to women with hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia be screened for HCV antibody at age 18 months and, if positive, referred RNA testing 3 years confirm chronic infection. This policy is based, in part, on analyses suggest 25%–40% of vertically acquired infections clear spontaneously within 4–5 years. Methods Data 179 and/or anti-HCV evidence infection prospective European cohorts were investigated. Ages clearance estimated taking...
Objective To examine the putative protective effect of HIV-2 infection against subsequent HIV-1 infection. Design Retrospective analysis data from two cross-sectional surveys in same community. Methods Two between 1989 and 1998 a rural area northwestern Guinea-Bissau provided residents aged 15–59 years. HIV testing was done first survey. In second survey, tests were made for both syphilis, on sociodemographic factors sexual behaviour, including commercial sex work, gathered. Qualitative...
HIV infection affects B cell function and is associated with increased immunoglobulin levels, including in HIV-infected pregnant women. It unknown if maternal immunoglobulins their uninfected children. We investigated this using prospective longitudinal data from children born to women enrolled the European Collaborative Study (ECS). Data Paediatric Hepatitis C Virus Network (EPHN) were used as a comparison group. Associations between infant factors child log(10) total IgG, IgM, IgA levels...
Abstract Background Most studies assessing pathophysiological heterogeneity in asthma have been conducted high-income countries (HICs), with little known about the prevalence and characteristics of different inflammatory phenotypes low-and middle-income (LMICs). This study assessed sputum five centres, Brazil, Ecuador, Uganda, New Zealand (NZ) United Kingdom (UK). Methods We a cross-sectional 998 asthmatics 356 non-asthmatics 2016–20. All centres studied children adolescents (age range 8–20...
<ns3:p>There are important differences in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death depending on occupation. Infections healthcare workers have received most attention, there clearly increased risks for intensive care unit who caring COVID-19 patients. However, a number other occupations may also be at an risk, particularly those which involve social or contact with public.</ns3:p><ns3:p> A large data sets available potential to assess occupational incidence, severity, mortality. We...
To examine infant morbidity risks associated with refraining from breastfeeding where it is used in an attempt to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).The population consisted infants born HIV-infected women South Africa who were participating a vitamin A intervention trial MTCT HIV. Women chose breastfeed or formula feed their according UNAIDS guidelines. Actual feeding practices and recorded at clinic follow-up visits I wk, 6 3 mo every...
Background Bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in infants. Aim To describe RSV epidemiology children the community high-income setting. Methods We used stored blood samples from United Kingdom Born Bradford cohort study that had been collected at birth, age 1 2 years old, tested for IgG postfusion F antibody linked to questionnaires primary hospital care records. finite mixture models classify as infected/not infected...
<ns4:p>There are important differences in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death depending on occupation. Infections healthcare workers have received most attention, there clearly increased risks for intensive care unit who caring COVID-19 patients. However, a number other occupations may also be at an risk, particularly those which involve social or contact with public.</ns4:p><ns4:p> A large data sets available potential to assess occupational incidence, severity, mortality. We...
BackgroundAsthma is a complex disease and severe global public health problem resulting from interactions between genetic background environmental exposures. It has been suggested that gut microbiota may be related to asthma development; however, such relationships needs further investigation.ObjectiveThis study aimed characterize the as well nasal lavage cytokine profile of asthmatic nonasthmatic individuals.MethodsStool samples were collected 29 children adolescents with type 2 28 without...
Abstract Aim: To identify the age at which HCV infection can be accurately excluded by serology in young children born to HCV‐infected mothers and determine an appropriate schedule of antibody testing, most informative clinical practice. Methods: Children were followed centres European Paediatric Network. Turnbull survival analysis techniques used estimate HCV‐uninfected will lose maternally acquired antibodies. Factors associated with loss assessed logistic regression. Results: In 1104 from...
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and varicella-zoster (VZV) are common herpesviruses frequently acquired in childhood, which establish persistent, latent infection likely to impact the developing immune system. Little is known about epidemiology of CMV EBV infections contemporary UK paediatric populations, particularly whether age at differs by ethnic group. Children enrolled Born Bradford Allergy Infection Study had a blood sample taken questionnaire completed 12 24 months...