Reelin is a glycoprotein that essential for the correct cytoarchitectonic organization of developing CNS. Its function in adult brain less understood, although it has been proposed involved signaling pathways linked to neurodegeneration. Here we analyzed expression brains and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients nondemented controls. We found 40% increase protein levels cortex AD compared with Similar increases were detected at mRNA transcriptional level. This...

Anandamide is an endogenous ligand for central cannabinoid receptors and released after neuronal depolarization. increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation in rat hippocampal slices neurons culture. The action of anandamide resulted from the inhibition adenylyl cyclase cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate-dependent kinase. One proteins phosphorylated response to was isoform pp125-focal adhesion kinase (FAK+) expressed preferentially neurons. Focal a involved interactions between integrins...

The <i>reelin</i> and <i>dab1</i> genes are necessary for appropriate neuronal migration lamination during brain development. Since these processes controlled by thyroid hormone, we studied the effect of hormone deprivation administration on expression and<i>dab1</i>. As shown Northern analysis, <i>in situ</i> hybridization, immunohistochemistry studies, hypothyroid rats expressed decreased levels <i>reelin</i>RNA protein perinatal period [embryonic day 18 (E18) postnatal 0 (P0)]. was...

Neural development and plasticity are regulated by neural adhesion proteins, including the polysialylated form of NCAM (PSA-NCAM). Podocalyxin (PC) is a renal PSA-containing protein that has been reported to function as an anti-adhesin in kidney podocytes. Here we show PC widely expressed neurons during development. interacts with ERM family, NHERF1/2 RhoA/G. Experiments vitro phenotypic analyses podxl-deficient mice indicate involved neurite growth, branching axonal fasciculation,...

Abstract Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and proline‐rich tyrosine 2/cell β (PYK2/CAKβ) are related, non‐receptor, cytoplasmic kinases, highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). In addition, FAK + is a splice isoform of containing 3‐amino acid insertion carboxy‐terminal region. rat hippocampal slices, PYK2/CAKβ differentially regulated by neurotransmitters depolarization. We have studied regional cellular distribution these kinases adult brain during development. Whereas expression...

Abstract Focal adhesion kinase (pp125 FAK , FAK) is a 125 kDa non‐receptor tyrosine enriched in focal adhesions of various cell types, where it thought to transduce signals triggered by contact with the extracellular matrix. We have studied expression and localization rat CNS. Immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry situ hybridization revealed presence all regions adult brain demonstrated its enrichment specific neuronal populations cerebral cerebellar cortex, as well hippocampus. During...

Inflammation is an important determinant of the severity and outcome central nervous system injury. The endogenous anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) upregulated in injured adult where it controls terminates inflammatory processes. developing brain, however, displays differences susceptibility to insults associated responses from brain; anatomic temporal patterns injury-induced IL-10 expression immature brain after excitotoxic injury are unknown. We analyzed spaciotemporal...

pp125 focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a cytoplasmic tyrosine transducing signals initiated by integrin engagement and G protein-coupled receptors, is highly expressed in brain. FAK from brain had higher molecular weight an increased autophosphorylation activity, than other tissues. In addition to 9-base insertion the 3′-coding region, which defines FAK+, rat striatal mRNAs contained several additional short exons, coding for peptides of 28, 6, 7 residues, respectively (termed boxes 7),...

Abstract Nucleoside transport processes regulate the levels of adenosine available to modulate neurotransmission, vascular tone and other physiological events. However, although equilibrative transporter transcripts or proteins have been mapped in central nervous system rats humans, little is known about presence distribution complete family nucleoside transporters brain. In this study, we analysed transcript encoding high affinity adenosine‐preferring concentrative CNT2 rat compared it with...

The lipoprotein lipase activity in the liver of neonatal (1 day old) rats was about 3 times that adult rats. Perfusion with collagenase decreased tissue-associated by 77%. When neonatal-rat cells were dispersed, hepatocyte-enriched (fraction I) and haemopoietic-cell-enriched II) populations obtained. fraction I 7 II. On basis those activities proportion both cell types either fraction, it estimated hepatocytes contained most, if not all, detected collagenase-perfused livers. From...

The family of CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein) transcription factors are involved in a variety biological processes including the development and plasticity nervous system. In maturing adult brain, genes required for activity-dependent processes, synaptogenesis, refinement connections long-term potentiation. Here, we use CREB1 Nescre CREM −/− (cAMP-responsive element modulator) mutants to investigate role these stimulus-independent patterns neural activity at early stages. We...

Under several adverse conditions, such as hypoxia or ischaemia, extracellular levels of adenosine are elevated because increased energy demands and ATP metabolism. Because affects metabolism through G-protein-coupled receptors, its regulation is high adaptive importance. CNT2 (concentrative nucleoside transporter 2) may play physiological roles beyond salvage in brain it does other tissues. Even though transport has mostly been seen being equilibrative-type, the present study, we prove that...

In brain, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is regulated by neurotransmitters and has a higher molecular mass than in other tissues, due to alternative splicing. Two exons code for additional peptides of six seven residues ('boxes' 6 7), located on either side Tyr(397), which increase its autophosphorylation. Using situ hybridization monoclonal antibody (Mab77) does not recognize FAK containing box 7, we show that, although mRNAs coding boxes 7 have different patterns expression FAK+6,7 the main...

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine which in non-neuronal cells localized to focal adhesions, where it participates adhesion-dependent intracellular signalling. FAK highly expressed the central nervous system both during development and adult. FAK(+), splice isoform of selectively enriched neurons, contains three-amino acid insertion carboxy-terminal sequence responsible for localization adhesions. Enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged constructs were used study...

Hepatic endothelial lipase (HEL) activity is as high in the neonatal (1-day old) rat liver adults. Most of HEL located at capillaries since 75% total released by heparin or collagenase perfusion. The residual (non-releasable) hepatocytes and not hemopoietic cells, which are major cell type liver. Per mg protein, 50% higher than adult hepatocytes. We suggest that have an increased capacity to synthesize secrete activity, so maintaining a whole organ. it might contribute hepatic uptake...

Using a subtractive hybridization method for the identification of genes related to development murine cerebral cortex, we cloned mouse homologue human tetraspanin family member, Tspan-5. We have isolated 3.1 Kb cDNA fragment containing entire coding region. Analysis nucleotide sequence revealed that Tspan-5 shares 98% amino acid identity with its homologue. The predicted length protein is 268 acids, four putative hydrophobic domains N-and C-intracellular tails, and two extracellular...