Aldosterone controls sodium balance by regulating an epithelial channel (ENaC)-mediated transport along the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron, which expresses both mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR). Mineralocorticoid specificity is ensured 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2, metabolizes cortisol or corticosterone into inactive metabolites that are unable to bind MR and/or GR. The fractional occupancy of GR aldosterone mediating response in nephron cannot be...

Abstract Background This experimental study explores a novel magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopic (MRI/MRS) method that measures changes in renal metabolism diabetic rat model. hyperpolarized metabolic MRI/MRS allows monitoring of processes seconds by >10 000‐fold enhancement the MR signal. The has shown conversion pyruvate to bicarbonate, i.e. dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, is significantly altered myocardium already at onset diabetes, and predominant Warburg effect valuable cancer...

Cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) plays a predominant role in the progression of kidney injury obstructive nephropathy. The aim this study was to test efficacy chitosan/small interfering RNA (siRNA) nanoparticles knockdown COX-2 specifically macrophages prevent induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Using optical imaging techniques and confocal microscopy, we demonstrated that chitosan/siRNA accumulated obstructed kidney. Consistent with data, contained higher amount siRNA...

Aldosterone has been suggested to elicit vessel contraction via a nongenomic mechanism. We tested this proposal in microdissected, perfused rabbit renal afferent arterioles. had no effect on internal diameter concentrations from 10(-10) 10(-5) mol/L, but aldosterone abolished the ability of 100 mmol/L KCl induce vascular contraction. The inhibitory was observed 1 pmol/L. significant after 5 minutes and maximal 20 fully reversible. Actinomycin D (10(-6) mol/L) prolonged aldosterone. by...

Bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) is associated with marked changes in the expression of renal aquaporins (AQPs) and sodium transport proteins. To examine role prostaglandin this response, we investigated whether 24-h BUO changed cyclooxygenases (COX-1 -2) kidney tested effect selective COX-2 inhibitor parecoxib (5 mg·kg −1 ·day via osmotic minipumps) on AQPs transport. Sham kidneys were analyzed by semiquantitative immunoblotting, a subset was perfusion fixed for immunocytochemistry....

Background. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) has been described as an excellent marker of acute kidney injury (AKI) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from BioPorto Diagnostics, DK. Validation ELISA kit and investigation stability NGAL protein is a prerequisite before introducing for AKI in clinical research. Methods. Plasma urine samples healthy adult 16 children undergoing surgery congenital heart disease were used to validate 036 Diagnostics study...

Renal fibrosis plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of chronic kidney disease, which affects 10% adult population. Previously, it has been demonstrated that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin (PG) system influences renal injury. Here, we evaluated impact butaprost, selective EP2 receptor agonist, on several models injury, including human tissue slices.We studied anti-fibrotic efficacy butaprost using Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, mice underwent unilateral...

Background The ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-OHB) increases cardiac output (CO) in patients with heart failure through unknown mechanisms. 3-OHB activates the hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 (HCA2), which prostaglandins and suppresses circulating free fatty acids. We investigated whether cardiovascular effects of involved HCA2 activation if potent HCA2-stimulator niacin may increase CO. Methods Results Twelve reduced ejection fraction were included a randomized crossover study examined...

Introduction: The open conformation of the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) contributes to kidney fibrosis through transamidase activity by cross-linking extracellular matrix fibres and releasing transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), a key driver fibrogenesis. We investigated antifibrotic potential TG2 inhibition downstream TGFβ1 using two inhibitors, LDN27219 Z-DON, which modulate into closed state, respectively. Methods: inhibitors were studied in human precision-cut slices (PCKS) cell...

The open conformation of the enzyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2) contributes to kidney fibrosis through transamidase activity by cross-linking extracellular matrix fibres and releasing transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), a key driver fibrogenesis. We investigated antifibrotic potential TG2 inhibition downstream TGFβ1 using two inhibitors, LDN27219 Z-DON, which modulate into closed state, respectively. inhibitors were studied in human precision-cut slices (PCKS) cell cultures primary renal...

Good glycemic control is crucial to prevent the onset and progression of late diabetic complications, but insulin treatment often fails achieve normalization level seen in healthy controls. In fact, recent experimental studies indicate that insufficient with insulin, resulting poor control, has an additional effect on than its own. We therefore compared renal metabolic alterations during conditions without suboptimal administration, which did not restore streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats...

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury is the state of which a tissue experiences after phase restrictive blood supply and recirculation. Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R-I) leading cause acute kidney (AKI) in several disease states, including transplantation, sepsis, hypovolemic shock. The most common methods to evaluate AKI are creatinine clearance, plasma creatinine, urea nitrogen, or renal histology. However, currently, there no precise directly assess noninvasively. Hyperpolarized 13C-pyruvate MRI...

Purpose The aim of this work was to investigate whether hyperpolarized 13 C, 15 N 2 ‐urea can be used as an imaging marker renal injury in unilateral ischemic reperfusion (IRI), given that urea is correlated with the osmotic gradient, which describes function. Methods Hyperpolarized three‐dimensional balanced steady‐state C magnetic resonance (MRI) experiments alongside kidney function parameters and quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurements were performed rats subjected ischemia...

Abstract Endothelial dysfunction is recognized as a major contributor to atherosclerosis and has been suggested be evident far before plaque formation. in small resistance arteries initiate long changes conduit arteries. In this study, we address early endothelial function of prone rats. Male ApoE knockout (KO) rats (11- 13-weeks-old) were subjected either Western or standard diet. The diet intervention continued for period 20–24 weeks. pulmonary mesenteric was examined vitro using an...

The renin-angiotensin system is well known to be involved in the pathophysiological changes renal function after obstruction of ureter. Previously, we demonstrated that bilateral ureteral (BUO) associated with dramatic expression both sodium transporters and aquaporin water channels (AQPs). We now examined effects AT(1)-receptor antagonist candesartan on dysregulation AQPs key rats subjected 24-h BUO followed 2 days release (BUO-2R). Consistent previous observations, BUO-2R resulted a...

While there is evidence that sex hormones influence multiple systems involved in salt and water homeostasis, the question of whether regulate aquaporin-2 (AQP2) thus handling by collecting duct has been largely ignored. Accordingly, present study investigated AQP2 expression, localization renal intact ovariectomized (OVX) female rats, with without estradiol or progesterone replacement. OVX resulted a significant increase urine osmolality p256-AQP2 cortex at 7 days post-OVX, as well induced...

Objective Cardiovascular diseases have high comorbidity with major depression. Endothelial dysfunction may explain the adverse cardiovascular outcome in depression; therefore, we analyzed it vitro. In chronic mild stress model, some rats develop depression-like symptoms (including "anhedonia"), whereas others are resilient. Methods After 8 weeks of stress, anhedonic reduced their sucrose intake by 55% (7%), resilient did not. Acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation...

Abstract The type-2 diabetes drug metformin has proven to have protective effects in several renal disease models. Here, we investigated the a 3-day unilateral ureteral obstruction (3dUUO) mouse model. Compared with controls, obstructed animals displayed increased tubular damage and inflammation. Metformin treatment attenuated inflammation, anti-oxidative response decreased damage. Hepatic uptake depends on expression of organic cation transporters (OCTs). To test whether kidney are...