A5041064998- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- interferon and immune responses
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Disaster Response and Management
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
2020-2023
Scripps (United States)
2022-2023
Scripps Health
2022
Scripps Research Institute
2018-2020
The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
2020
Tulane University
2020
Njala University
2020
Sierra Leone Urban Research Centre
2020
Nagasaki University
2015-2019
Japan Science and Technology Agency
2013-2015
Two amino acids (lysine at position 627 or asparagine 701) in the polymerase subunit PB2 protein are considered critical for adaptation of avian influenza A viruses to mammals. However, recently emerged pandemic H1N1 lack these acids. Here, we report that a basic acid 591 can compensate lysine and confers efficient viral replication Moreover, substantially increased lethality an H5N1 virus mice. We also present X-ray crystallographic structure C-terminus protein. Arginine fills cleft found...
The neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivi are used to treat H5N1 influenza. However, oseltamivir-resistant viruses have been isolated from oseltamivir-treated patients. Moreover, reassortment between oseltamvir-resistant human H1N1 currently circulating could create viruses, rendering the stockpile obsolete. Therefore, there is a need for unique effective antivirals combat influenza viruses. investigational drug T-705 (favipiravir; 6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-2-pyrazinecarboxamide) has...
Given the current absence of specific drugs or vaccines for Ebola virus disease (EVD), rapid, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic methods are required to stem transmission chain disease. We have developed a rapid detection assay Zaire ebolavirus based on reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) coupled with novel portable platform. The RT-LAMP is primer sets that target untranscribed trailer region nucleoprotein coding viral RNA. test could specifically detect...
Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A viruses have spread across Asia, Europe, and Africa. More than 500 cases of virus infection in humans, with a high lethality rate, been reported. To understand the molecular basis for virulence mammals, we tested ferrets several isolated from humans found A/Vietnam/UT3062/04 (UT3062) to be most virulent A/Vietnam/UT3028/03 (UT3028) avirulent this animal model. We then generated series reassortant between two assessed their ferrets. All that possessed both...
Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses have caused infection in humans, with a high mortality rate, since 1997. While the pathogenesis of this is not completely understood, hypercytokinaemia and alveolar macrophages are thought to play role. To gain further insight into cytokine-mediated we measured various cytokines produced by primary human infected H5N1, pandemic H1N1 or seasonal viruses. We found that many were at higher levels on strains tested compared Interestingly, extent...
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm virus caused the first human pandemic of 21st century. Although various probiotic Lactobacillus species have been shown to anti-microbial effects against pneumonia-inducing pathogens, prophylactic efficacy and mechanisms behind their protection remain largely unknown. Here, we evaluated heat-killed pentosus b240 lethal influenza infection in a mouse model. To further define protective responses induced by b240, performed virologic, histopathologic transcriptomic analyses...
Significance Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) is a viral pathogen of significant global health concern best exemplified by more than 28,000 human infections during the recent West African epidemic. Examining immunity in EBOV disease survivors has been historically difficult due to occurrence only small outbreaks remote regions central Africa. Consequently, little data exist describing EBOV-specific T cell responses infection. We examined virus-specific CD8 + 32 Sierra Leonean 2013–2016 cells against...
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTSV, which has been reported in China, South Korea, and Japan. Here, we revealed that mice lacking STAT2, important factor for antiviral innate immunity, are highly susceptible to SFTSV infection. We also show NSs cannot exert its anti-innate immunity activity due the inability of protein bind murine STAT2. Our findings suggest dysfunction as IFN antagonist cells confers a loss pathogenicity mice.
The first influenza pandemic of the 21st century was caused by novel H1N1 viruses that emerged in early 2009. An Asp-to-Gly change at position 222 receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin (HA) correlates with more-severe infections humans. amino acid HA contributes to specificity Asp (typically found human viruses) and Gly avian classic swine viruses), conferring binding human- avian-type receptors, respectively. Here, we asked whether receptors enhances virus pathogenicity. We tested two 2009...
Influenza viruses present major challenges to public health, evident by the 2009 influenza pandemic. Highly pathogenic virus infections generally coincide with early, high levels of inflammatory cytokines that some studies have suggested may be regulated in a strain-dependent manner. However, comprehensive characterization complex dynamics response induced virulent strains is lacking. Here, we applied gene co-expression and nonlinear regression analysis time-course, microarray data developed...
Lassa virus infects hundreds of thousands people each year across rural West Africa, resulting in a high number cases fever (LF), febrile disease associated with morbidity and significant mortality. The lack approved treatments or interventions underscores the need for an effective vaccine. At least four viral lineages circulate defined regions throughout Africa substantial interlineage nucleotide amino acid diversity. An vaccine should be designed to elicit specific humoral cell mediated...
The eukaryotic chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 ring (CCT, also known as TCP-1 Ring Complex, TRiC/CCT) participates in the folding of 5% to 10% cellular proteome and has been involved life cycle several viruses, including dengue, Zika, influenza but mechanisms by which TRiC/CCT contributes virus multiplication remain poorly understood. Here, we document that nucleoprotein (NP) mammarenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV) is a substrate human complex, pharmacological...
Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) caused by the H5N1 subtype has given rise to serious damage in poultry industries Asia. The virus expanded its geographical range Europe and Africa, posing a great risk human health as well. For control of influenza, rapid diagnosis detecting causative identifying is essential. In present study, kit combining immunochromatography with enzyme immunoassay which detects H5 HA antigen A was developed using newly established anti‐H5 monoclonal...
Lassa fever (LF) causes multisystem disease and has a fatality rate <70%. Severe cases exhibit abnormal coagulation, endothelial barrier disruption, dysfunctional platelet aggregation but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In Sierra Leone during 2015-2018, we assessed LF patients' day-of-admission plasma samples for levels of proteins necessary fibrinolysis, function. P-selectin, soluble protein C receptor, thrombomodulin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, ADAMTS-13, von...
Background. The pathogenesis of influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (hereafter, "H5N1") infection in humans is not completely understood, although hypercytokinemia thought to play a role. We previously reported that most viruses induce high cytokine responses human macrophages, whereas some only low level production similar induced by seasonal viruses. Methods. To identify the viral molecular determinants for induction we generated series reassortant between inducer A/Vietnam/UT3028II/03 clone 2...
Ebola virus (EBOV) disease has killed thousands of West and Central Africans over the past several decades. Many who survive acute later experience post-Ebola syndrome, a constellation symptoms whose causative pathogenesis is unclear.We investigated EBOV-specific CD8+ CD4+ T-cell responses in 37 Sierra Leonean EBOV survivors with (n = 19) or without 18) sequelae arthralgia ocular symptoms. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were infected recombinant vesicular stomatitis encoding antigens. We...
The high morbidity and mortality associated with clinical cases of Lassa fever, together the lack licensed vaccines limited partially effective interventions, make virus (LASV) an important health concern in its regions endemicity West Africa. Previous infection LASV protects from disease after subsequent exposure, providing a framework for designing to elicit similar protective immunity. Multiple major lineages circulate Africa, therefore, ideal vaccine candidates should immunity all...