The central spindle is built during anaphase by coupling antiparallel microtubules (MTs) at a overlap zone, which provides signaling scaffold for the regulation of cytokinesis. mechanisms underlying morphogenesis are still poorly understood. In this paper, we show that MT depolymerase Kif2A controls length and alignment MTs through depolymerization their minus ends. distribution was limited to distal ends Aurora B–dependent phosphorylation exclusion from midzone. Overactivation or inhibition...

During navigation, animals process temporal sequences of sensory inputs to evaluate the surrounding environment. Thermotaxis Caenorhabditis elegans is a favorable behavior elucidate how navigating signals from Sensation and storage temperature information by bilaterally symmetric pair thermosensory neurons, AFD, essential for migrate toward memorized on thermal gradient. However, encoding mechanisms spatial environment with AFD activity during navigation remain be elucidated. Here, we show...

In animals, somatic cells are usually diploid and unstable when haploid for unknown reasons. this study, by comparing isogenic human cell lines with different ploidies, we found frequent centrosome loss specifically in the state, which profoundly contributed to instability through subsequent mitotic defects. We also that efficiency of centriole licensing duplication changes proportionally ploidy level, whereas DNA replication stays constant. This caused gradual or overduplication centrioles...

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons, for which there no effective treatment. Previously, we generated Caenorhabditis elegans model ALS, in expression dnc-1 , homologous gene human dynactin-1 knocked down (KD) specifically neurons. This KD showed defects together with axonal and neuronal degeneration, as observed ALS patients. In present study, established behavior-based, automated,...

Presynaptic plasticity is known to modulate the strength of synaptic transmission. However, it remains unknown whether regulation in presynaptic neurons can evoke excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic responses. We report here that Caenorhabditis elegans homologs MAST kinase, Stomatin, Diacylglycerol kinase act a thermosensory neuron elicit its an or response correlates with valence thermal stimuli. By monitoring neural activity valence-coding interneuron freely behaving animals, we show...

Evidence for the tumor-supporting capacities of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has rapidly been accumulating. To uncover clinicopathological importance periostin (POSTN) expression in colorectal cancer (CRC), present study immunohistochemically examined its status. Furthermore, to reveal mechanisms involved, molecular experiments were performed. In CRC tissues, 44% cases (119/269) exhibited POSTN CAFs. contrast, cells expressed at almost undetectable levels. Survival analyses...

Background During vertebrate embryogenesis, somites are generated at regular intervals, the temporal and spatial periodicity of which is governed by a gradient fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and/or Wnt signaling activity in presomitic mesoderm (PSM) conjunction with oscillations gene expression components Notch, FGF pathways. Principal Findings Here, we show that Sprouty4, encodes an inhibitor, oscillates 2-h cycles mouse PSM synchrony other oscillating genes from Notch pathway, such as...

Animals are able to reach a desired state in an environment by controlling various behavioral patterns. Identification of the strategy used for this control is important understanding animals' decision-making and fundamental dissect information processing done nervous system. However, methods quantifying such strategies have not been fully established. In study, we developed inverse reinforcement-learning (IRL) framework identify animal's from time-series data. We applied C. elegans...

Age-dependent cognitive and behavioral deterioration may arise from defects in different components of the nervous system, including those neurons, synapses, glial cells, or a combination them. We find that AFD, primary thermosensory neuron Caenorhabditis elegans, aged animals is characterized by loss sensory ending integrity, reduced actin-based microvilli abundance aggregation guanylyl cyclases. At functional level, AFD neurons are hypersensitive to high temperatures show sustained...

Advances in time-lapse fluorescence microscopy have enabled us to directly observe dynamic cellular phenomena. Although the techniques themselves promoted understanding of functions, vast number images acquired has generated a need for automated processing tools extract statistical information. A problem underlying analysis cell is lack rigorous methods morphodynamic properties. Here, we propose an algorithm called edge evolution tracking (EET) quantify relationship between local...

Neural signals are processed in nervous systems of animals responding to variable environmental stimuli. This study shows that a novel and highly conserved protein, macoilin (MACO-1), plays an essential role diverse neural functions Caenorhabditis elegans. maco-1 mutants showed abnormal behaviors, including defective locomotion, thermotaxis, chemotaxis. Expression human the C. elegans system weakly rescued thermotactic phenotype mutants, suggesting is functionally across species. Abnormal...

Abstract The impairment of memory, cognition, and behavior during aging is generally thought to arise from diminished neuronal activities. nematode Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits age-dependent declines in an associative learning called thermotaxis. Genetic ablation individual neurons revealed that absence either AWC sensory or AIA inter-neurons preserved the thermotaxis ability aged animals. Calcium imaging showed spontaneous hyperactivities both neurons. hyperactivity behavioral decline...

Abstract Animals integrate sensory stimuli presented at the past and present, assess changes in their surroundings navigate themselves toward preferred environment. Identifying neural mechanisms of such integration is pivotal to understand how nervous system generates perception behavior. Previous studies on thermotaxis behavior Caenorhabditis elegans suggested that a single thermosensory neuron AFD plays an important role integrating present temperature information essential for computation...

Living organisms including bacteria, plants and animals sense ambient temperature so that they can avoid noxious or adapt to new environmental temperature. A nematode C. elegans innocuous temperature, navigate themselves towards memorize past cultivation (Tc) of their preference. For this thermotaxis, AFD thermosensory neuron is pivotal, which stereotypically responds warming by increasing intracellular Ca2+ level in a manner dependent on the remembered Tc. We aimed reveal how encodes...

Abstract Animals are able to reach a desired state in an environment by controlling various behavioral patterns. Identification of the strategy used for this control is important understanding animals’ decision-making and fundamental dissect information processing done nervous system. However, methods quantifying such strategies have not been fully established. In study, we developed inverse reinforcement-learning (IRL) framework identify animal’s from time-series data. As particular target,...

Abstract Animals integrate sensory stimuli presented at the past and present, assess changes in their surroundings navigate themselves toward preferred environment. Identifying molecular circuit mechanisms of such integration is pivotal to understand how nervous system generates perception behavior. Previous studies on thermotaxis behavior Caenorhabditis elegans suggested that a single thermosensory neuron AFD plays an essential role integrating present temperature information for neural...

Age-dependent sensory impairment, memory loss, and cognitive decline are generally attributed to neuron synaptic dysfunction, decreased neuronal activities over time. Concurrently, increased activity is reported in humans other organisms during aging. However, it unclear whether hyperactivity the cause of impairment or a compensatory mechanism circuit dysfunction. The roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans exhibits age-dependent declines an associative learning behavior called thermotaxis, which...

We conducted driving simulator experiments with 15 participants to identify factors related drivers’ judgment of when and how brake. set up a situation in which subject vehicle encountered target at an open non-signalized intersection simulate crossing collision. Drivers the were instructed apply brakes they felt danger. Factors investigated azimuth angle vehicle, position arrives intersection, visual relative distance between vehicle. analyzed both their time differentials increase rates....