A5067011230- Malaria Research and Control
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Complement system in diseases
- Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Multiple Myeloma Research and Treatments
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases
- Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology
2009-2020
There is renewed acknowledgement that targeting gametocytes essential for malaria control and elimination efforts. Simple mathematical models were fitted to data from clinical trials in order determine the mean gametocyte circulation time duration of carriage treated patients. Data used East Africa. The first trial compared non-artemisinin combination therapy (non-ACT: sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) plus amodiaquine) artemisinin-based (ACT: SP artesunate (AS) or artemether-lumefantrine)....
A detailed understanding of the human infectious reservoir is essential for improving malaria transmission-reducing interventions. Here we report a multi-regional assessment population-wide transmission potential based on 1209 mosquito feeding assays in endemic areas Burkina Faso and Kenya. Across both sites, identified 39 individuals. In high endemicity settings, individuals were identifiable by research-grade microscopy (92.6%; 25/27), whilst one three lowest setting was detected molecular...
Background. Parasite clearance time after artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) may be increasing in Asian and African settings. The association between parasite following ACT transmissibility is currently unknown. Methods. We determined dynamics by duplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) samples collected the first 3 days treatment of uncomplicated malaria with ACT. Gametocyte carriage was Pfs25 nucleic acid sequence–based amplification assays; infectiousness to...
BackgroundThe efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for Plasmodium falciparum malaria may be threatened by parasites with reduced responsiveness to artemisinins. Among 298 ACT-treated children from Mbita, Kenya, submicroscopic persistence P. on day 3 posttreatment was associated subsequent microscopically detected parasitemia at days 28 or 42.
Background. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) reduces the potential for malaria transmission, compared with non-ACTs. It is unclear whether this effect differs between ACTs. Methods. A total of 298 children (age, 6 months to 10 years) uncomplicated falciparum were randomized artemether-lumefantrine (AL; n = 153) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP; 145) in Mbita, a community western Kenya. Gametocyte carriage was determined by molecular methods on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, 28, and...
Studies in Southeast Asia reported a strong relationship between polymorphisms at the propeller domain of Kelch 13 (K13) protein encoded by Plasmodium falciparum k13 (pfk13) gene and delayed parasite clearance after artemisinin treatment. In Africa, P. remains susceptible combination therapy regimens which include an component display good efficacy. Using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), sub-microscopic persistence has previously been one-third children treated with (ACT) western Kenya....
The transmission of malaria to mosquitoes depends on the presence gametocytes that circulate in peripheral blood infected human hosts. Sensitive estimates densities female (FG) and male (MG) may allow prediction infectivity thus a molecular estimate infectious reservoir for transmission. A novel multiplex qRT-PCR assay with intron-spanning primers was developed parallel quantification FG MG. CCp4 (PF3D7_0903800) transcripts specific PfMGET (PF3D7_1469900) MG were quantified total nucleic...
The use of insecticides against mosquitoes, and drugs to treat infection, continue form the mainstays malaria control programmes, but long term success sustainability these approaches is threatened by development insecticide drug resistance. New complementary must be explored. The Okumu others [1] a blend synthetic chemical attractants which was capable attracting more Anopheles gambiae s.s. than human, provided key breakthrough towards creation mass trapping system could used for...
Single low-dose primaquine (PQ) reduces Plasmodium falciparum infectivity before it impacts gametocyte density. Here, we examined the effect of PQ on sex ratio as a possible explanation for this early sterilizing effect.
Many countries have implemented artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for the first-line treatment of malaria. Although many studies been performed on efficacy and tolerability arthemeter-lumefantrine (AL) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP), less is known effect these drugs gametocyte development, which an important issue in malaria control. In this two-arm randomized controlled trial, 146 children were treated with either AL DP. Both groups received directly observed followed 28...
Microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are common tools for diagnosing malaria, but deficient in detecting low Plasmodium parasitaemia. A novel molecular tool (nPCR-HRM) that combines the sensitivity specificity of nested PCR (nPCR) direct PCR-high resolution melting analysis (dPCR-HRM) was developed. To evaluate patterns anti-malarial drug administration when no parasites detected, nPCR-HRM employed to screen blood samples parasitaemia from febrile patients without microscopically...
Management of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria relies on artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs). These highly effective regimens have contributed to reductions in morbidity and mortality. However, artemisinin resistance Asia changing parasite susceptibility ACT Africa now been well documented. Strategies that retain current as efficacious treatments are urgently needed.We present an open-label, randomised three-arm clinical trial protocol three African settings...
Pyronaridine-artesunate is a novel artemisinin-based combination therapy. The efficacy and safety of pyronaridine-artesunate were compared with artemether-lumefantrine for the treatment uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children.This phase III open-label randomized controlled non-inferiority trial was conducted Western Kenya. Children aged 6 months to ≤ 12 years bodyweight > 5 kg microscopically confirmed P. randomly assigned 1:1 ratio orally receive or artemether-lumefantrine,...
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the dhfr and dhps genes are associated with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) treatment failure gametocyte carriage. This may result enhanced transmission of mutant malaria parasites, as previously shown for chloroquine resistant parasites. In present study, we determine association between parasite mutations, submicroscopic P. falciparum gametocytemia to mosquitoes.Samples from children treated SP alone or combination artesunate (AS) amodiaquine were...
Artemisinin resistance was recently shown to have spread or emerged on the Thailand/Myanmar border. Evidence is accumulating that parasite clearance time after artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) increasing in settings Asia and Africa. It currently unknown if an extended ACTs has consequences for individual patient confers a higher malaria transmission potential. 298 children Mbita, Western Kenya, with uncomplicated falciparum were randomized artemether-lumefantrine (AL, n = 153)...
Artemisinin resistance is rapidly rising in Southeast Asia and may spread to African countries, where efficacy estimates are currently still excellent. Extensive monitoring of parasite clearance dynamics after treatment needed determine whether responsiveness artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) changing Africa. In this study, Kenyan children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were randomly assigned pyronaridine-artesunate (PA) or artemether-lumefantrine (AL) treatment. Parasite...
Abstract Background Artemisinin-based combinations differ in their impact on gametocyte prevalence and density. This study assessed female male dynamics after treating children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria either pyronaridine–artesunate (PA) or artemether–lumefantrine (AL). Methods Kenyan were included randomly assigned to PA AL treatment. Filter paper blood samples collected as a source of RNA for quantitative reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) nucleic acid sequence...