Abstract The canine nasal airway is an impressively complex anatomical structure, having many functional roles. complicated branching and intricate scrollwork of the conchae provide large surface area for heat, moisture, odorant transfer. Of previous studies airway, none have included a detailed rendering maxilloturbinate ethmoidal regions nose. Here, we present high‐resolution view dog, using magnetic resonance imaging scans. Representative sections are shown, three‐dimensional model...

Abstract Constrained to develop within the seed, plant embryo must adapt its shape and size fit space available. Here, we demonstrate how this adjustment shapes metabolism of photosynthetic embryo. Noninvasive NMR-based imaging developing oilseed rape (Brassica napus) seed illustrates that, following bending, gradients in lipid concentration became established. These were correlated with local electron transport rate accumulation storage products. Experimentally induced changes morphology...

Although they are less severe than a full blown concussive episodes, subconcussive impacts happen much more frequently and current research has suggested this form of head trauma may have an accumulative effect lead to neurological impairment later in life. To investigate the acute effects that on default mode network brain resting-state, functional magnetic resonance was performed. Twenty-four collegiate rugby players were recruited all subjects underwent initial scanning 24 h prior...

The ways in which challenging environments during development shape the brain and behaviour are increasingly being addressed. To date, studies typically consider only single variables, but real world is more complex. Many factors simultaneously affect behaviour, whether these work independently or interact remains untested. address this, zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) were reared a two-by-two design housing that varied structural complexity and/or exposure to stressor. Fish experiencing both...

This study establishes a topographical framework for functional investigations on the regulation of lipid biosynthesis and its interaction with embryo photosynthesis in developing soybean seed. Structural observations, combined molecular parameters, revealed gradual transformation chloroplasts into storage organelles, starting from inner regions going outwards. is evidenced by electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning situ hybridization histochemical/biochemical data. As consequence...

Advanced neuroimaging techniques have shown promise in highlighting the subtle changes and nuances mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) even though clinical assessment has a return to pre-injury levels. Here we use 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) evaluate metabolites N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr) corpus callosum MTBI. Specifically, looked at NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr ratios genu splenium. We recruited 20 normal volunteers (NV) 28 student athletes recovering...

Zinc is an essential nutrient for optimal fertility, but the effects of preconception zinc deficiency on postimplantation development are not known. Female mice were fed a control or zinc-deficient diet (ZDD) 4-5 days before ovulation (preconception). Embryonic and/or placental evaluated Days 3.5, 6.5, 10.5, 12.5, and 16.5 pregnancy. The findings show decrease in embryo length (31%, Day 10.5; 13%, 12.5; 10%, 16.5) weight (23%, embryos from mothers ZDD preconception. also caused high...

Summary Germination, the process whereby a dry, quiescent seed springs to life, has been focus of plant biologist for many years, yet early events following water uptake, during which metabolism embryo is restarted, remain enigmatic. Here, nature cues required this restarting in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) investigated. A holistic vivo approach was designed display link between entry and allocation water, metabolic structural changes occurring germination. For this, we combined...

Atherosclerosis and resulting cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of death in US. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), or accumulation intermediate amino acid homocysteine, is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, but intricate biological processes mediating this effect remain elusive. Several factors regulate homocysteine levels, including activity several enzymes adequate levels their coenzymes, pyridoxal phosphate (vitamin B6), folate B9), methylcobalamin B12). To better...

Reciprocal neuronal connections exist between the internal organs of body and nervous system. These projections to from viscera play an essential role in maintaining finetuning organ responses order sustain homeostasis allostasis. Functional maps brain regions participating this bidirectional communication have been previously studied awake humans anesthetized rodents. To further refine mechanistic understanding visceral influence on states, however, new paradigms that allow for more...

Summary In this article, we present a tool which allows the rapid and non‐invasive detection quantitative visualization of lipid in living seeds at variety stages using frequency‐selected magnetic resonance imaging. The method provides maps with resolution close to cellular level (in‐plane 31 µm × µm). reliability was demonstrated two contrasting subjects: barley grain (monocot, 2% oil, highly compartmentalized) soybean (dicot, 20% economically important oilseed). Steep gradients local oil...

Abstract It is important to accurately characterize the heating of tissues due radiofrequency energy applied during MRI. This has led an increase in use numerical methods predict specific absorption rate distributions for safety assurance To ensure these are accurate actual MRI coils, however, it necessary compare experimental results. Here, we report results some recent efforts experimentally map temperature change and a phantom vivo where only source heat fields produced by imaging coil....

Hydrocephalus has traditionally been quantified by linear measures of ventricular size, with adjunct use cortical mantle thickness. However, clinical outcome depends on cognitive function, which is more directly related to brain volume than these previous measures. The authors sought quantify the dynamics and growth in normal compared hydrocephalic mice.Hydrocephalus was induced 14-day-old C57BL/6 mice percutaneous injection kaolin into cisterna magna. Nine 6 were serially imaged from age...

Nutrient absorption in the small intestine cannot occur until molecules are presented to epithelial cells that line intestinal villi, finger-like protrusions under enteric control. Using a two-dimensional multiscale lattice Boltzmann model of lid-driven cavity flow with ‘villi’ at lower surface, we analyse hypothesis muscle-induced oscillatory motions villi generate controlled ‘micro-mixing layer’ (MML) couples macro-scale enhance absorption. modelled as passive scalar concentrations high...

Thrombosis and thromboembolization remain large obstacles in the design of cardiovascular devices. In this study, temporal behavior thrombus size within a backward-facing step (BFS) model is investigated, as geometry can mimic flow separation which has been found to contribute thrombosis cardiac Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used quantify collect topographic data thrombi formed by circulating bovine blood through BFS for times ranging between 10 90 min at constant upstream Reynolds number...

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a risk factor for atherosclerosis through mechanisms which are still incompletely defined. One possible mechanism involves the hypomethylation of nuclear histone proteins to favor progression atherosclerosis. In previous cell studies, hypomethylating stress decreased specific epigenetic tag (the trimethylation lysine 27 on H3, H3K27me3) promote endothelial dysfunction and activation, i.e., an atherogenic phenotype. Here, we conducted pilot study investigate...

Abstract Conventional methods of quantifying segmental and peristaltic motion in animal models are highly invasive; involving, for example, the external isolation segments gastrointestinal (GI) tract either from dead or anesthetized animals. The present study was undertaken to determine utility MRI quantitatively analyze these motions jejunum region rats ( N = 6) noninvasively. Dynamic images GI after oral gavage with a Gd contrast agent were acquired at rate six frames per second, followed...

Abstract Apert syndrome (AS) is one of at least nine disorders considered members the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) ‐1, ‐2, and ‐3–related craniosynostosis syndromes. Nearly 100% individuals diagnosed with AS carry two neighboring mutations on Fgfr2. The cranial phenotype associated these includes coronal suture synostosis, either unilateral (unicoronal synostosis) or bilateral (bicoronal synostosis). Brain dysmorphology thought to be secondary vault base alterations, but...