A5005110438- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Vitamin D Research Studies
- Pharmacological Effects and Toxicity Studies
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Social Media in Health Education
- Diversity and Career in Medicine
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Bone and Joint Diseases
- Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Studies
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- CAR-T cell therapy research
Touro University California
2015-2025
Case Western Reserve University
2021-2024
University School
2021-2024
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
2022-2024
Harvard University
2022-2024
University Hospitals of Cleveland
2021-2023
University of California, San Francisco
2012-2022
San Francisco General Hospital
2009-2019
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
2017
Arkansas Children's Hospital
2017
Antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis before exposure is a promising approach for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition.
Although protease inhibitor (PI) therapy has improved the clinical status of patients with HIV infection, concerns have arisen that such treatment may deleterious effects on glucose control, lipid metabolism, and body fat distribution. To determine whether initiation PI uniquely affects we analyzed paired data in HIV-infected before after beginning antiretroviral included a (PI; N = 20) or lamivudine (3TC) but no (3TC; 9); control group stable regimens neither these agents (CONT: 12)....
Direct measurement of de novo lipogenesis has not previously been possible in humans. We measured hepatic normal men by means stable isotopes and combining the acetylated-xenobiotic probe technique with mass isotopomer analysis secreted very low density lipoprotein-fatty acids (VLDL-FA). Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was administered [13C]acetate during an overnight fast followed refeeding intravenous glucose (7-10 mg/kg weight per min), oral Ensure mg carbohydrate/kg or a high-carbohydrate...
Young men who have sex with (YMSM) are a key population for implementation of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) interventions. This open-label study examined adherence to PrEP and assessed sexual behavior among diverse sample YMSM in 12 US cities.Eligible participants were 18- 22-year-old HIV-uninfected MSM reported HIV transmission risk the previous 6 months. Participants provided daily tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (Truvada). Study visits occurred at baseline, monthly through...
Consumption of high-fructose diets promotes hepatic fatty acid synthesis (de novo lipogenesis [DNL]) and an atherogenic lipid profile. It is unclear whether these effects occur independent positive energy balance weight gain.We compared the a high-fructose, (25% content) weight-maintaining diet to those isocaloric with same macronutrient distribution but in which complex carbohydrate (CCHO) was substituted for fructose.Eight healthy men were studied as inpatients consecutive 9-day periods....
Adolescents represent a key population for implementing preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) interventions worldwide, yet tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) PrEP is only licensed adults. To examine the safety of and adherence to along with changes in sexual risk behavior among adolescent men who have sex (MSM). Adolescent Medicine Trials Network HIV/AIDS Interventions 113 (Project PrEPare) was demonstration project that evaluated safety, tolerability, acceptability TDF/FTC...
Background-Therapy with HIV protease inhibitors (PI) has been associated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and changes in body composition.It is unclear whether these adverse effects are drug related, involve an interaction the host response to or reflect composition.Methods-Indinavir 800 mg twice daily was given 10 HIV-seronegative healthy men distinguish direct metabolic of a PI from those related infection.Fasting glucose insulin, lipid lipoprotein profiles, oral tolerance (OGTT), insulin...
Background: Body wasting, particularly loss of body cell mass, is an increasingly prevalent acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining condition and independent risk factor for death in patients infected with the human virus (HIV). Treatment growth hormone 7 days resulted weight gain nitrogen retention, but long-term effects this treatment HIV-associated wasting are not known. Objective: To evaluate effect on weight, composition, functional performance, quality life wasting. Design:...
Background Therapy with HIV protease inhibitors (PI) causes insulin resistance even in the absence of infection, hyperlipidemia or changes body composition. The mechanism effects on action is unknown. In vitro studies suggest that PI selectively and rapidly inhibit activity insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT-4. We hypothesized a single dose indinavir resulting therapeutic plasma concentrations would acutely decrease insulin-stimulated disposal healthy human volunteers. Methods...
Patients receiving dialysis commonly experience malnutrition, reduced muscle mass (sarcopenia), and fatigue for which no effective treatment has been identified. Anabolic steroids are known to increase strength in healthy individuals, but their effect on the sarcopenia associated with long-term not evaluated.To assess effects of an anabolic steroid, nandrolone decanoate, lean body (LBM), functional status, quality life patients.Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted...
Background: Cannabinoid use could potentially alter HIV RNA levels by two mechanisms: immune modulation or cannabinoidprotease inhibitor interactions (because both share cytochrome P-450 metabolic pathways). Objective: To determine the short-term effects of smoked marijuana on viral load in HIV-infected patients. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, 21-day intervention trial. Setting: The inpatient General Clinical Research Center at San Francisco Hospital, Francisco, California....
Background: Therapy with HIV protease inhibitors (PI) has been shown to worsen glucose and lipid metabolism, but whether these changes are caused by direct drug effects, in disease status, or body composition is unclear. Therefore, we tested the effects of PI combination lopinavir ritonavir on metabolism HIV-negative subjects. Methods: A dose 400 mg lopinavir/100 was given twice a day 10 men. Fasting insulin, lipoprotein profiles, oral tolerance, insulin sensitivity euglycemic...
Body wasting, characterized by disproportionate loss of body cell mass, is a feature many chronic diseases, including infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therapies that merely increase energy intake do not consistently restore mass in patients wasting syndrome. Because treatment GH has induced nitrogen (N) retention catabolic after surgery, burns, cancer, and hypocaloric feeding, we designed this study to determine whether could also produce an anabolic response persons...
Objective: To determine if particular components of antiretroviral drug regimens are associated with greater insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and peripheral lipoatrophy. Methods: Metabolic body composition variables were measured prospectively over 64 weeks in 334 antiretroviral-naive, HIV-infected subjects who randomized to receive nelfinavir, efavirenz, or both, combined zidovudine/lamivudine didanosine/stavudine a factorial design, multicenter trial. Subjects assigned efavirenz (n = 110)...
Objective Dietary fructose is implicated in metabolic syndrome, but intervention studies are confounded by positive caloric balance, changes adiposity, or artifactually high amounts. This study determined whether isocaloric substitution of starch for sugar would improve parameters Latino ( n = 27) and African‐American 16) children with obesity syndrome. Methods Participants consumed a diet 9 days to deliver comparable percentages protein, fat, carbohydrate as their self‐reported diet;...
Altered gut and pancreatic hormone secretion may bolster resolution of insulin resistance after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), but the independent effects weight loss hormonal on peripheral glucose disposal are unknown.
Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) trials are evaluating regimens containing tenofovir-disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for HIV prevention. We determined the baseline prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) and effect TDF on BMD in men who have sex with (MSM) a PrEP trial San Francisco. Methods/Findings evaluated 1) using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) cohort 210 HIV-uninfected MSM screened randomized clinical daily vs. placebo, 2) effects longitudinal 184 enrolled men. Half...