Background and aim Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) is used to treat hydrocephalus, an abnormal cerebrospinal fluid accumulation in brain ventricles. By defining a new trajectory entry point interval, we establish standardized approach for FreeHand ETV, vital technique when specialized tools are unavailable, or during emergencies. Methods 187 MRIs were analyzed, with 30 having hydrocephalus. A pathway crossing the cranial bone, interventricular foramen (of Monro) tuber cinereum was...

Fast recoveries are essential when looking for a safe anaesthetic protocol to use on mice. Propofol is short-acting agent, which provides smooth, fast recovery. A recent study carried out in our laboratory showed that the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of propofol combined with fast-acting opioid does not provide sufficiently stable anaesthesia. In this experiment, we hypothesized additional application medetomidine would increase muscle relaxation and analgesia. Fifty-four male CD1...

Compare technical, clinical, and economic outcomes between endovascular open approaches in patients with type D aortoiliac occlusive disease according to the TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus.Patients undergoing revascularization for lesions, either or surgery approach, from 2 Portuguese institutions January 2011 October 2017 were included. The surgical technique was left surgeon discretion. Patients common femoral artery affection, both obstructive aneurysmatic, excluded.Twenty-seven...

The combination of propofol and a rapid-acting opioid, such as fentanyl, sufentanil or remifentanil, is relatively safe, total intravenous anaesthesia technique, commonly used in humans which has been investigated laboratory animals. objective this study was to evaluate these combinations for mice by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. Sixty-seven mice, divided into groups four, were test 28 alone with remifentanil administered i.p. dose ranges drugs studied 50–200 mg/kg, fentanyl 0.2–0.4...

Abstract Purpose Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a surgical procedure that can lead to complications and requires detailed preoperative planning. This study aimed provide more accurate understanding of the anatomy ventricle location important structures improve safety success ETV. Methods We measured stereotactic coordinates six points interest relative predefined reference point in 23 cadaver brain hemi-sections, 200 normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, 24 hydrocephalic...

The recent findings of increased Choroidal Thickness (CT) in Keratoconus (KC) patients raised the question whether CT could be an indicator progressive KC. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated and compared choroidal profile non-progressive We ran a cross-sectional observational study 76 diagnosed with KC, age 14-30, to assess KC progression. Progression was defined as when at least two studied variables confirmed progression (Kmax, Km, PachyMin, D-Index, Astig, K2, 3 mm PCR). Included...

Numerous approaches have been designated to document progression in keratoconus, nevertheless there is no consistent or clear definition of ectasia progression. In this present study, we aim evaluate Keratoconus Enlargement (KCE) as a parameter We define KCE an increase more than 1D the anterior curvature non-apical corneal areas. designed longitudinal study 113 keratoconic eyes assess keratoconus was compared with variables commonly used for detection like Kmax, Km, K2, PachyMin, D-Index,...

The time, material, and staff‐consuming nature of anatomy's traditional pen‐and‐paper assessment system, the increase in number students enrolling medical schools ever‐escalating workload academic staff have made use computer‐based (CBA) an attractive proposition. To understand impact such shift method, experimental study evaluating its effect on students’ performance was designed. Additionally, opinions toward CBA were gathered. Second‐year attending a Clinical Anatomy course randomized by...

Although classically classified as a non-inflammatory condition, an inflammatory basis for keratoconus (KC) appears to be growing evidence. Recently, it has been shown that KC patients have increased choroidal thickness (CT). Among disorders, atopy associated with development; therefore, the aim of this study was evaluate if CT in is related atopy.This analytical cross-sectional KC. Patients were atopic and non-atopic according their history (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR), asthma (AA)...

Because most of the recognized causes superior gluteal nerve (SGN) injury are iatrogenic, detailed knowledge anatomy SGN is crucial to prevent its associated with surgical procedures. This study aims describe precise location or branches at greater sciatic foramen, measure distances these neural structures palpable bony landmarks, and evaluate possible correlation between parameters pelvis size. Twenty human cadaveric hemipelvises were studied. After dissection expose from trochanter (GT),...

Abstract Purpose To compare macular damage in glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) and compressive (CON) assess its diagnostic accuracy distinguishing between diseases. Methods Observational, cross-sectional, single-center study. Patients with GON, CON, healthy controls were included according to the eligibility criteria. An automated spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) algorithm was used segment circumpapilary retinal nerve fiber layer (cpRNFL) macula. The thickness...

Strabismus, specifically esotropia, presents a significant challenge in ophthalmic surgery, while several treatment options exist. This study aims to evaluate the results of posterior fixation sutures (PFS) on medial rectus as primary approach for some types esotropia. The medical records consecutive patients who underwent surgery esotropia over 11 years and had at least 1 year follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. Patients classified into one three deviation: infantile (IE), partially...

Summary Previous studies that addressed factors influencing junior doctors' career decisions have failed to consider the market for medical specialty is regulated and doctors are not always able pursue their of choice. There concern National Medical Exam take in many countries conditions choices behind low efficacy policies retaining rural areas. In this paper, we use data from a Discrete Choice Experiment applied large sample Portuguese ( N = 503) who had already taken but chosen yet. We...

The cranio-orbital and accessory foramina are located in the lateral wall of orbit adjacent to superior orbital fissure. In literature, there is a lack consistency concerning location morphology these different populations. Therefore, considering its clinical importance during surgeries, it was authors' aim determine incidence, location, number Portuguese population compare findings with data from other studies.A total 310 orbits 155 dry skulls collection Museum Anatomy Faculty Medicine...

O artigo aborda a contribuição das mulheres na história da psicologia, destacando suas lutas contra o apagamento e discriminação estrutural. Através de uma revisão bibliográfica, trabalho examina como trajetória historicamente dominada por homens perspectiva eurocêntrica, deixou lado importantes figuras femininas seus legados. Apesar barreiras gênero restrições impostas pelo patriarcado, muitas psicólogas fizeram avanços significativos em áreas psicologia clínica, experimental social,...

To examine the lateral rectus muscle pulley and its bony insertion concerning orbital rim periorbita.

Because most of the recognized causes superior gluteal nerve (SGN) injury are iatrogenic, detailed knowledge anatomy SGN is crucial to prevent its associated with surgical procedures. This study aims describe precise location or branches at greater sciatic foramen, measure distances these nervous structures palpable bony landmarks, and evaluate possible correlation between parameters pelvis size. Twenty human cadaveric hemipelvises were studied. After dissection expose from trochanter (GT),...

Abstract Background Overelevation in adduction is common patients with primary esotropia. This study evaluates the variation ocular motility pattern inferior oblique (IO) muscle overaction after esotropia surgery. Methods The medical records of consecutive who underwent surgery for infantile, partially accommodative, and basic over eleven years had at least one year follow-up were reviewed. Patients (IOOA) presented baseline or during selected divided according to first performed...