Calcium signaling has been postulated to be critical for both heat and chilling tolerance in plants, but its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the function of two closely related cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel (CNGC) proteins, OsCNGC14 OsCNGC16, temperature-stress rice (

ABSTRACT Members of the cyclic nucleotide‐gated channel (CNGC) proteins are reportedly involved in a variety biotic and abiotic responses stomatal movement. However, it is unknown if how single member could regulate multiple responses. Here we characterized three closely related CNGC genes rice, OsCNGC14 , OsCNGC15 OsCNGC16 to determine whether they function stresses. The loss‐of‐function mutants each these had reduced calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) influx slower closure response heat, chilling,...

Low temperature affects seed germination in plants, and low-temperature (LTG) is an important agronomic trait. Natural variation of LTG has been reported rice, but the molecular basis for this largely unknown. Here we report phenotypic analysis 187 rice natural accessions a genome-wide association study (GWAS) collection. A total 53 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were found to be associated with LTG, which 20 located previously QTLs. We further identified Stress-Associated Protein 16...

Abstract Disease resistance (R) genes are key components in plant immunity. Here, we show that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) E3 ubiquitin ligase HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION1 (HUB1) and HUB2 regulate the expression of R SUPPRESSOR OF npr1-1, CONSTITUTIVE1 (SNC1) RESISTANCE TO PERONOSPORA PARASITICA4. An increase SNC1 induces constitutive immune responses bonzai1 (bon1) mutant, loss HUB1 or function reduces up-regulation suppresses bon1 autoimmune phenotypes. mediate histone 2B (H2B)...

Calcium signaling is essential for environmental responses including immune responses. Here, we provide evidence that the evolutionarily conserved protein BONZAI1 (BON1) functions together with autoinhibited calcium ATPase10 (ACA10) and ACA8 to regulate signals in Arabidopsis. BON1 a plasma membrane localized negatively regulates expression of receptor genes positively stomatal closure. We found interacts autoinhibitory domains ACA10 ACA8, aca10 loss-of-function (LOF) mutants have an...

The dehydration-responsive element binding protein 1 (DREB1)/C-repeat-binding factor (CBF) genes are key regulators of cold acclimation and freezing tolerance in the chilling tolerant Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we investigated function three members 10 rice DREB1 genes, OsDREB1C, E, G, sensitive plants. Their loss (LOF) mutants were each more susceptible compared to wild type, LOF all dreb1ceg, than any single mutants. Strikingly, these capable acclimation, indicating that important for...

ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factors use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to alter structure chromatin and are important regulators eukaryotic gene expression. One such factor encoded by CHR5 (Chromatin-Remodeling Factor 5) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) was previously found be involved regulation growth development. Here we show that is required for up-regulation intracellular immune receptor SNC1 (SUPPRESSOR OF npr1-1, CONSTITUTIVE1) consequently autoimmunity induced...

Abstract Chromatin remodeling plays a crucial role in controlling gene transcription by modifying chromatin structure. However, the involvement of plant stress responses, especially cold tolerance, through accessibility remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that rice (Oryza sativa L.)CHROMATIN REMODELING 11 (OsCHR11) positively regulates chilling tolerance enhancing and facilitating changes expression. Loss-of-function mutants OsCHR11 exhibited increased susceptibility to compared...

Abstract Chilling stress restricts the geographical distribution of rice and severely impacts its growth development, ultimately reducing both yield quality. The plant hormone ethylene is involved in responses; however, role chilling tolerance has not been thoroughly explored. This study reveals that negatively regulates by antagonizing tolerance-promoting effects abscisic acid (ABA). Treatment with or biosynthetic precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC), results a reduced survival...

Activation of plant immune responses is often associated with an inhibition growth. The molecular mechanisms underlying this fitness cost are unknown. Here, we utilize the autoimmune response mutant suppressor npr1, constitutive1 (snc1) resulting from activated form Disease Resistance (R) gene to dissect genetic component mediating growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). radical-induced cell death1 (rcd1) defective reactive oxygen species (ROS) was isolated as enhancer snc1 but not...

Plant MYB transcription factors are implicated in resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we demonstrate that an R2-R3 factor, AtMYB44, plays a role the plant defence response bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000). The expression of AtMYB44 was upregulated upon infection treatments with defence-related phytohormones. Transgenic plants overexpressing (35S-Ms) exhibited greater levels PR1 gene expression, cell death, callose deposition hydrogen peroxide...

Breeding for disease resistance is the most effective strategy to control diseases, particularly with broad-spectrum in many crops. However, knowledge on genes and mechanism of trade-off between defence growth crops limited. Here, we show that rice copine OsBON1 OsBON3 are critical suppressors immunity. Both changed their protein subcellular localization upon pathogen challenge. Knockdown dominant negative mutant each enhanced bacterial fungal pathogens either hemibiotrophic or necrotrophic...

How plants maintain growth under nonfreezing low temperatures (chilling) is not well understood. Here we use hypocotyl elongation dark to investigate the molecular mechanisms for chilling in Arabidopsis thaliana. The function of HsfA1d (Heat shock transcription factor A1d) investigated by physiological and characterization its mutants. Subcellular localization analyzed. Potential target genes were identified transcriptome analysis, chromatin immunoprecipitation, transcriptional activation...

Summary Powdery mildew, caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f. sp . tritici ( Bgt ), is a major threat to production of wheat Triticum aestivum ). It great importance identify new resistance genes for generation ‐resistant or ‐tolerant varieties. Here, we show that copine TaBON1 and TaBON3 negatively regulate disease Two copies three , located on chromosomes 6AS, 6BL, 1AL, 1BL 1DL, respectively, were identified from current common genome sequences. The expression...

Copines are evolutionarily conserved calcium-dependent membrane-binding proteins with potentially critical biological functions. In plants, the function of these has not been analyzed except for in Arabidopsis thaliana where they play roles development and disease resistance. To facilitate functional studies copine crop genome-wide identification, curation, phylogeny analysis copines 16 selected plant species were conducted. All identified 32 have features two C2 domains (C2A C2B) von...

Plant immune responses involve transcriptional reprograming of defense response genes, and chromatin remodeling is important for regulation. However, nucleosome dynamics induced by pathogen infection its association with gene transcription are largely unexplored in plants. Here, we investigated the role rice (Oryza sativa) CHROMATIN REMODELING 11 (OsCHR11) disease resistance. Nucleosome profiling revealed that OsCHR11 required maintaining genome-wide occupancy rice. 14% genome was regulated...

Abstract The soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae ( V. ) seriously inhibits cotton Gossypium hirsutum growth and productivity. immune system of against this pathogen is largely unknown. Here we investigated the involvement Ca 2+ -dependent protein kinases (CPKs) in immunity. One CPK coding gene GhCPK28 had reduced expression after infection by cotton. Knocking down virus induced silencing led to enhanced resistance which accompanied a higher ROS accumulation systemic acquired response. was...

Summary Rice is susceptible to chilling stress. Identifying tolerance genes and their mechanisms are key improve rice performance. Here, we performed a genome‐wide association study identify regulatory for in rice. One major gene variation Indica was identified as casein kinase Os CTK1 . Its function natural investigated at the physiological molecular level by its mutants transgenic plants. Potential substrates of OsCTK1 were phosphoproteomic analysis, protein–protein interaction assay,...

Low fall efficacy can lead to activity restriction and loss of independence, which may cause severe adverse consequences. The purpose this study was explore among elders with knee osteoarthritis influential factors in three communities Beijing, China. A correlational descriptive design used a sample 117 participants from July 2014 November 2014. Results showed that had low correlated age, gender, body mass index, marital status, education, disease duration, frequency falls, number...

Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC) 2 and 4 are shown to negatively regulate disease resistance heat tolerance positively plant growth. Whether or not their functions in these processes interdependent is largely unknown. Here, using the mutation of phytoalexin deficient (PAD4) inhibit enhanced defense response programmed cell death (PCD), we assessed contribution altered growth cngc2 cngc4 single double mutants. The pad4 reverted mutants at normal temperature (22 °C) but...