Candida spp. yeast-like fungi are opportunistic pathogens in humans and have been recently found to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) that involved many vital biological processes fungal cells. These include communication between microorganisms host–pathogen interactions during infection. The production of EVs their content significantly characterized the most common candidal species albicans, including identification numerous virulence factors cytoplasmic proteins EV cargo. We here...

An artificial protein cage can be programmed to disassemble on demand.

Currently, non- albicans Candida species, including C. tropicalis , glabrata and parapsilosis are becoming an increasing epidemiological threat, predominantly due to the distinct collection of virulence mechanisms, as well emerging resistance antifungal drugs typically used in treatment candidiasis. They can produce biofilms that release extracellular vesicles (EVs), which nanometric spherical structures surrounded by a lipid bilayer, transporting diversified biologically active cargo, may...

Abstract: The platinum (Pt)-group elements (PGEs) represent a new kind of environmental pollutant and hazard for human health. Since their introduction as vehicle-exhaust catalysts, emissions into the environment have grown considerably compared with low natural concentration in earth crust. PGE from vehicle catalysts can be also form nanometer-sized particles (Pt nanoparticles [PtNPs]). These elements, both metallic or ions solubilized biological media, are now recognized potent allergens...

Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may induce pro‐regenerative effects in ischemic tissues by delivering bioactive molecules, including microRNAs. Recent studies have also shown benefits of EVs derived from induced pluripotent (iPS) cells. However, the underlying mechanisms EV and role their transferred regulatory molecules remain incompletely understood. Accordingly, we investigated human iPS‐derived (iPS‐EVs) enriched proangiogenic...

Disruption of the intercellular interactions between endothelial cells leads to dysfunction. The role nanoparticles in plasma membrane stability, actin cytoskeleton organization and junctions is unclear. Human umbilical vein were treated with zinc oxide NPs vitro. Cell shape, adhesiveness integrity analyzed by means optical fluorescence microscopy, scanning electron microscopy flow cytometry methods. Additionally, lactate dehydrogenase activity assay annexin V staining performed. analysis...

Abstract Numerous probiotic microorganisms have repeatedly been shown to produce nanometer-sized structures named extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently, it has suggested that similarly whole microbial cells, EVs produced by probiotics may also demonstrate health benefits the host, while their application does not involve risk of infection caused live microorganisms. In this work, we isolated from two species originating different taxonomic domains — yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745...

Determinants of intracoronary thrombus (ICT) composition in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are largely unknown. We sought to investigate whether plasma fibrin phenotype and platelet reactivity affect ICT ultrastructure. assessed the content fibrin, platelets erythrocytes including polyhedrocytes by scanning electron microscopy on surface inside aspirated from 80 STEMI within 12 hours since chest pain onset. Plasma clot permeability (Ks), which indicates average pore...

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast is one of the most widely used model in studies cellular and organismal biology, including as aging proliferation. Although several constraints budding lifespan have been identified, these processes not yet fully understood. Previous focused mostly on molecular basics underlying mechanisms, while physical aspects, particularly those related to cell wall, were rather neglected. In this paper, we examine for first time, our knowledge, impact wall biosynthesis...

The aim of this study was to check the relationship between density urinary EVs, their size distribution, and progress early renal damage in type 2 diabetic patients (DMt2). Patients were enrolled study, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) below 7% a threshold for properly controlled (CD) poorly (UD). further divided into two groups: without failure (NRF) with (RF) according Glomerular Filtration Rate. Density diameter EVs determined by Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing. Additionally, visualized means...

Abstract Rationale Emerging evidence indicates that stem cell (SC)- derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying bioactive miRNAs are able to repair damaged or infarcted myocardium and ameliorate adverse remodeling. Fibroblasts represent a major population responsible for scar formation in the heart. However, effects of EVs on cardiac fibroblast (CFs) biology function has not been investigated. Objective To analyze biological impact cell-derived (SC-EVs) enriched miR-1 miR-199a CFs...

Protein cages that readily encapsulate active enzymes of interest present useful nanotools for delivery and catalysis, wherein those with programmable disassembly characteristics serve as particularly attractive platforms. Here, a general guest packaging system based on an artificial protein cage, TRAP-cage, the which can be induced by addition reducing agents, is established. In this system, TRAP-cage SpyCatcher moieties in lumen prepared using genetic modification building block assembled...

Abstract The circadian rhythmicity displayed by motor behavior of mice: activity at night and rest during the day; associated changes in sensory input are reflected cyclic synaptic plasticity whisker representations located somatosensory (barrel) cortex. It was not clear whether diurnal rhythmic synapse density previously observed barrel cortex resulted from animals, daily light/dark ( LD ) rhythm or driven an endogenous clock. These were investigated C57 BL /6 mouse strain kept under 12 : h...

The paper reports on the value of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in taxonomy and morphology Chironomidae. This method has been relatively rarely used Chironomidae studies. Our studies suggest that SEM provides a lot new information. For example, plastron plate thoracic horn Macropelopia nebulosa (Meigen) under light is visible as points, while we have found it consists reticular structure with holes. By using more precise picture body can be revealed. It allows researchers to explain...

Cardiac fibrosis is one of the top killers among fibrotic diseases and continues to be a global unaddressed health problem. The lack effective treatment combined with considerable socioeconomic burden highlights urgent need for innovative therapeutic options. Here, we evaluated anti-fibrotic properties extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that were cultured under various oxygen concentrations.EVs isolated three hiPSC lines normoxia (21% O2;...

It has been repeatedly reported that the cells of organisms in all kingdoms life produce nanometer-sized lipid membrane-enveloped extracellular vesicles (EVs), transporting and protecting various substances cellular origin. While composition EVs produced by human pathogenic fungi studied recent decades, another important challenge is analysis their functionality. Thus far, fungal have shown to play significant roles intercellular communication, biofilm production, modulation host immune cell...

Toxicokinetics makes up the background for predicting concentrations of chemicals in organisms and, thus, ecological risk assessment. However, physiological and toxicological mechanisms behind toxicokinetics particular are purely understood. The commonly used one-compartment model has been challenged recently, showing that case metals it does not describe pattern observed terrestrial invertebrates exposed to highly contaminated food. We hypothesised main mechanism shaping at high exposure...

Light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR) has captivated the interest of research community for decades. One reason is photocatalytic nature reaction catalyzed by enzyme, and other involvement LPOR in formation a paracrystalline lattice called prolamellar body (PLB) that disintegrates upon illumination, initiating process photosynthetic membrane formation. In this paper, we have integrated three traditional methods previously employed to study properties enzyme: molecular...

In the first optic neuropil (lamina) of lobe Drosophila melanogaster, two classes synapses, tetrad and feedback, show daily rhythms in number size presynaptic profiles examined at level transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Number increases twice a day, once morning again evening, their ribbons are largest evening. contrast, feedback synapses peak night. The frequency is correlated with element measured as platform so-called T-bars, T-bar platforms being increasing synapse frequency. large...

Human immune cells possess the ability to react complexly and effectively after contact with microbial virulence factors, including those transported in cell-derived structures of nanometer sizes termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are produced by organisms all kingdoms, fungi pathogenic humans. In this work, immunomodulatory properties under oxidative stress conditions or at host concentrations CO2 fungal pathogen Candida albicans were investigated. The interaction human pro-monocytes...

Abstract Aims Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)-associated cardiomyopathy is a serious life-threatening complication, the mechanisms of which have not been fully established, and therefore no effective treatment currently available. The purpose study was to identify new molecular signatures development in DMD. Methods results For modelling DMD-associated cardiomyopathy, we prepared three pairs isogenic control dystrophin-deficient human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines. Two hiPSC...

In Drosophila melanogaster, mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (DmMANF) is an evolutionarily conserved orthologue of mammalian MANF and cerebral dopamine (CDNF), which have been shown to promote the survival dopaminergic neurons in brain. We observed especially high levels DmMANF visual system Drosophila, particularly first optic neuropil (lamina). lamina, was found glial cells (surface epithelial glia), photoreceptors interneurons. Interestingly, silencing all or...

The process of autophagy and its role in survival human neuroblastoma cell cultures was studied upon addition an anti-GD2 ganglioside (GD2) 14G2a mouse monoclonal antibody (14G2a mAb) aurora A kinase specific inhibitor, MK-5108. It recently shown that combination these agents significantly potentiates cytotoxicity against IMR-32 CHP-134 cells vitro, as compared to the inhibitor used alone. In this study we gained mechanistic insights on observed cytotoxic effects exerted by both using...

Circadian rhythmicity affects neuronal activity induced changes in the density of synaptic contacts and dendritic spines, most common location synapses, mouse somatosensory cortex. In present study we analyzed morphology single- double-synapse spines under light/dark (12:12) constant darkness conditions. Using serial electron micrographs examined shape (stubby, thin, mushroom) their content (smooth endoplasmic reticulum, spine apparatus), because these features are related to maturation...