The seventh novel human infecting Betacoronavirus that causes pneumonia (2019 coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) originated in Wuhan, China. evolutionary relationship between 2019-nCoV and the other respiratory illness-causing coronavirus is not closely related. We sought to characterize of translated proteins with species Orthocoronavirinae. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from genome sequences. cluster developed profiles retrieved presence absence homologs ten proteins. combined data were used...

Abstract Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by an age‐related decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength. Here, we show that suppression of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU)‐mediated Ca 2+ influx into mitochondria the body wall muscles nematode Caenorhabditis elegans improved sarcopenic phenotypes, blunting movement structural functional with age. We found normally aged cells exhibited elevated resting levels increased mitophagy to eliminate damaged mitochondria. Similar...

We examined the roles of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and FGF-8 in migration mesencephalic mouse neural crest cells. Our vitro assay has shown that FGF-2 (basic FGF) have chemotactic activity for these Chemotaxis was inhibited by anti–FGF-2 anti–FGF-8 neutralizing antibodies. In addition, blocked cell cranial organ cultures. This observation suggests functions as a chemoattractant cells vivo. culture, antagonist FGF binding to low-affinity receptor (FGFR) heparan sulfate,...

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of a new type coronavirus infection, COVID-19, which has rapidly spread worldwide. The overall genome sequence homology between and SARS-CoV 79%. However, ORF8 protein these two coronaviruses low, at ~26%. Previously, it been suggested that infection by ORF8-deleted variant results in less severe symptoms than case wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Although we found involved proteasome autoimmunity system, precise role pathology not fully clarified. In this study,...

Abstract Chondroitin, a class of glycosaminoglycan polysaccharides, is found as proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix, plays crucial role tissue morphogenesis during development and axonal regeneration. Ingestion chondroitin prolongs lifespan C. elegans . However, roles endogenous regulating healthspan mostly remain to be investigated. Here, we demonstrate that gain-of-function mutation MIG-22, polymerizing factor (ChPF), results elevated levels significant extension both Importantly,...

In C. elegans, the gonad acquires two U-shaped arms through directed migration of gonadal distal tip cells (DTCs). A member ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) family, MIG-17, is secreted from muscle localizes to basement membrane where it functions in DTC migration. Mutations cogc-3 cogc-1 cause misdirected similar that seen mig-17 mutants. Here, we report COGC-3 COGC-1 proteins are homologous mammalian COG-3/Sec34 COG-1/ldlBp, respectively, eight components conserved oligomeric Golgi...

Molecules in the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate cellular behavior both development and pathology. Fibulin-1 is a conserved ECM protein. The Caenorhabditis elegans ortholog, FBL-1, regulates gonad-arm elongation expansion by acting antagonistically to GON-1, an ADAMTS (a disintegrin metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs) family protease. of gonad arms directed gonadal distal tip cells (DTCs). Here we report that dominant mutation EMB-9/type IV collagen α1 subunit can compensate for...

Mitochondrial dysfunction impairs muscle health and causes subsequent wasting. This study explores the role of mitochondrial as an intramuscular signal for extracellular matrix (ECM)–based proteolysis and, consequentially, cell dystrophy. We found that inhibition electron transport chain paralysis well structural damage in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. was associated with a significant decline collagen content. Both could be rescued IV overexpression, metalloproteinase (MMP), Furin...

This work describes X-ray imaging of mouse using colloid solution silica coated Au (Au/SiO2) nanoparticles surface modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (Au/SiO2/PEG). A was prepared by reducing ions (III) sodium citrate. Au/SiO2 were fabricated a sol–gel method tetraethylorthosilicate, water and hydroxide in ethanol the presence (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane. computed tomography value an concentration 0·083M as high 1421·2 Hounsfield units, which higher than that commercial contrast...

We have examined the roles of pertinent extracellular matrix molecules in formation neural crest cell migration patterns sclerotome mouse embryo. The present data indicate that permissiveness for is inversely correlated with chondroitin sulfate content. Experimental removal proteoglycans embryo causes cells to migrate even within posterior half somite, which they do not invade ordinarily. Moreover, three different sclerotomal regions defined by presence or absence ventromedial and/or...

Mutations in the a d isintegrin nd m etalloprotease with t hrombo s pondin motifs (ADAMTS) family of secreted proteases cause diseases linked to ECM abnormalities. However, mechanisms by which these enzymes modulate during development are mostly unexplored. The Caenorhabditis elegans MIG-17/ADAMTS protein is from body wall muscle cells and localizes basement membrane (BM) developing gonad where it controls directional migration gonadal leader cells. Here we show that specific amino acid...

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a polysaccharide consisting of repeating disaccharide units N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and d-glucuronic acid residues, modified with sulfated residues at various positions. To date six glycosyltransferases for chondroitin synthesis have been identified, the complex synthase-1 (CSS1)/chondroitin (ChSy-1) synthase-2 (CSS2)/chondroitin polymerizing factor assumed to play major role in CS biosynthesis. We found an alternative splice variant mouse CSS2 data base that...

Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disorder, is mainly caused by mutations in methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2), which has multiple functions such as binding to methylated DNA or interacting with transcriptional co-repressor complex. It been established that alterations cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) forkhead box G1 (FOXG1) correspond distinct disorders, given series of studies have indicated RTT also either one these genes. We investigated the evolution and molecular...

ORF8 is a highly variable genomic region of SARS-CoV-2. Although non-essential and the precise functions are unknown, it has been suggested that this protein assists in SARS-CoV-2 replication early secretory pathway immune evasion. We utilized binding partners proteins human HEK293T cells performed genome-wide phylogenetic profiling clustering analyses 446 eukaryotic species to predict discover share associated functional mechanisms based on co-evolution. Results classified 47 partner into 3...

In order to analyze migration patterns of mouse neural crest cells, we produced a rat anti-mouse monoclonal antibody (4E9R) which identifies these cells. The distribution 4E9R-immunoreactive cells was examined in migratory stages ranging from embryonic day (Ed) 8.5 10.5. the cephalic region Ed embryos, some mesencephalic mesenchymal close folds were 4E9R-positive. 9.0–9.5 streams extending cranial tubes maxillary processes and first visceral arches found lateral localized presumptive...

Constitutive genomics are probably determinant for the onset of dementia in conjunction with cerebrovascular and environmental factors. Furthermore, pharmacogenomic studies predict that therapeutic response Alzheimer's disease (AD) is genotype-specific, expression genes involved regulation drug metabolism can influence efficacy safety issues pharmacotherapy. AD a vascular component (DVC = VD + MXD) most prevalent forms dementia. These clinical entities share many similarities, but they...

Cell migration and axon guidance require proper regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in response to extracellular cues. Rho/Rac small GTPases are essential regulators remodeling. Caenorhabditis elegans CED-10 is a Rac1 homolog that required for various cellular morphological changes events under control several signaling pathways. There still considerable uncertainty regarding following activation receptors by signals dynamics based on spatiotemporally restricted Rac activity. Here we show...

Abstract MIG-17, a secreted protease of the ADAMTS family, acts in directed migration gonadal distal tip cells (DTCs) through regulation basement membrane Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we show that MIG-17 is also required for control pharynx elongation during animal growth. We found was elongated mig-17 mutants compared with wild type. localized to pharyngeal as well membrane. The number nuclei pharynx, and pumping rate were not affected mutants, suggesting constituting are elongated,...

Glycans are involved in various metabolic processes via the functions of glycosyltransferases and glycoside hydrolases. Analysing evolution these enzymes is essential for improving understanding glycan metabolism function. Based on our previous study glycosyltransferases, we performed a genome-wide analysis whole human hydrolases using UniProt, BRENDA, CAZy KEGG databases. Using cluster analysis, 319 were classified into four clusters based their similarity to conserved chordates or...

During development of the Caenorhabditis elegans gonad, gonadal leader cells, called distal tip cells (DTCs), migrate in a U-shaped pattern to form gonad arms. The ADAMTS ( d isintegrin nd m etalloprotease with t hrombo s pondin motifs) family metalloproteases MIG-17 and GON-1 are required for correct DTC migration. Mutations mig-17 result misshapen gonads due misdirected migration, mutations gon-1 shortened swollen premature termination Although phenotypes shown by mutants very different...

Abstract The migration of Caenorhabditis elegans gonadal distal tip cells (DTCs) offers an excellent model to study the epithelial tubes in organogenesis. mig-18 mutants cause meandering or wandering DTCs during gonad formation, which is very similar that observed animals with mutations mig-17, encodes a secreted metalloprotease ADAMTS (a disintegrin and thrombospondin motifs) family. MIG-18 novel protein conserved only among nematode species. mig-17(null) double exhibited phenotypes those...