Plant viruses move through plasmodesmata to infect new cells. The plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is interconnected among cells via the ER desmotubule in plasmodesma across cell wall, forming a continuous network throughout entire plant. This continuity unique plants and has been postulated serve as platform for intercellular trafficking of macromolecules. In present study, contribution membrane transport system NSm movement protein Tomato spotted wilt tospovirus (TSWV) investigated. We...

Coronavirus E protein is a small membrane found in the virus envelope. Different coronavirus proteins share striking biochemical and functional similarities, but sequence conservation limited. In this report, we studied topology from new SARS-CoV-2 both microsomal membranes mammalian cells. Experimental data reveal that single-spanning with N-terminus being translocated across membrane, while C-terminus exposed to cytoplasmic side (Nt lum /Ct cyt ). The defined of may provide useful...

Treatment of purified Rubisco with agents that specifically oxidize cysteine-thiol groups causes catalytic inactivation and increased proteolytic sensitivity the enzyme. It has been suggested these redox properties may sustain a mechanism regulating activity turnover during senescence or stress. Current research efforts are addressing structural basis modulation identification critical cysteines. Redox shifts result in conformational changes as revealed by alteration its fragmentation...

SARS-CoV-2 is continuously disseminating worldwide. The development of strategies to break transmission mandatory.To investigate the potential cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) as a viral inhibitor.SARS-CoV-2 Virus Like-Particles (VLPs) were incubated with CPC, potent surfactant routinely included in mouthwash preparations.Concentrations 0.05% CPC (w/v) commonly used preparations are sufficient promote rupture VLP membranes.Including mouthwashes could be prophylactic strategy keep from spreading.

Biological membranes consist of a lipid bilayer studded with integral and peripheral membrane proteins. Most α-helical proteins require protein-conducting insertases known as translocons to assist in their insertion folding. While the sequence-dependent propensities for helix either translocate through translocon or insert into have been codified numerical hydrophobicity scales, corresponding propensity partition interface remains unrevealed. By engineering diagnostic glycosylation sites...

Folding and packing of membrane proteins are highly influenced by the lipidic component membrane. Here, we explore how hydrophobic mismatch (the difference between span a transmembrane protein region thickness lipid around protein) influences helix in cellular environment. Using ToxRED assay Escherichia coli Bimolecular Fluorescent Complementation approach human-derived cells complemented atomistic molecular dynamics simulations analyzed dimerization Glycophorin A derived segments. We...

Single-spanning SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein topology is a major determinant of quaternary structure and function. Charged residues distribution in E sequences from highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (i.e., SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV SARS-CoV-2) stabilize Ntout-Ctin membrane topology. sequence could have evolved to ensure more robust SARS-CoV SARS-CoV-2.

Abstract Viral control of programmed cell death relies in part on the expression viral analogs B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) protein known as Bcl2s (vBcl2s). vBcl2s apoptosis by interacting with host pro- and anti-apoptotic members Bcl2 family. Here, we show that carboxyl-terminal hydrophobic region herpesviral poxviral can operate transmembrane domains (TMDs) participate their homo-oligomerization. Additionally, TMDs mediate interactions cellular within membrane. Furthermore, these...

Background The oral cavity is the site of entry and replication for many respiratory viruses. Furthermore, it source droplets aerosols that facilitate viral transmission. It thought appropriate hygiene alters infectivity might reduce spread viruses contribute to infection control. Materials methods Here, we analyzed antiviral activity cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), chlorhexidine (CHX), three commercial CPC CHX-containing mouthwash preparations against Influenza A virus Respiratory syncytial...

Fusion of viral and cellular membranes is a key step during the life cycle. Enveloped viruses trigger this process by means specialized proteins expressed on their surface, so-called fusion proteins. There are multiple assays to analyze entry including those that focus cell-cell induced some These methods often rely identification multinucleated cells (syncytium) as result cell membrane fusions. In manuscript, we describe novel methodology for study fusion. Our approach, named Bimolecular...

Proximal Cys(172) and Cys(192) in the large subunit of photosynthetic enzyme Rubisco (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase; EC 4.1.1.39) are evolutionarily conserved among cyanobacteria, algae higher plants. Mutation has been shown to affect redox properties vitro delay degradation vivo under stress conditions. Here, we report effect replacement by serine on catalytic properties, thermostability three-dimensional structure Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Rubisco. The most striking C172S...

The activity of the photosynthetic carbon-fixing enzyme, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), is partially inhibited by arsenite in millimolar concentration range. However, micromolar can fully inhibit Rubisco presence a potentiating monothiol such as cysteine, cysteamine, 2-mercaptoethanol or N-acetylcysteine, but not glutathione. Arsenite reacts specifically with vicinal Cys172-Cys192 from large subunit and to establish ternary complex, which suggested be...

ABSTRACT Coronavirus E protein is a small membrane found in the virus envelope. Different coronavirus proteins share striking biochemical and functional similarities, but sequence conservation limited. In this report, we studied topology from new SARS-CoV-2 both microsomal membranes mammalian cells. Experimental data reveal that single-spanning with N-terminus being translocated across membrane, while C-terminus exposed to cytoplasmic side (Nt lum /Ct cyt ). The defined of may provide useful...

Abstract Biological membranes consist of a lipid bilayer studded with integral and peripheral membrane proteins. Most α-helical proteins require protein-conducting insertases known as translocons to assist in their insertion folding. While the sequence-dependent propensities for helix either translocate through translocon or insert into have been codified numerical hydrophobicity scales, corresponding propensity partition interface remains unraveled. By engineering diagnostic glycosylation...

The Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a type I membrane that mediates target cell recognition and fusion. Its transmembrane domain (TMD) usually considered to be passive physical anchor attaches the viral envelope. However, current knowledge dynamics biogenesis integral proteins indicates TMDs generally play key functions beyond anchoring. Here, we explored role TMD during entry. To do so, generated series amino acid substitutions insertions within hydrophobic core analyzed their impact on...

Abstract Fusion of viral and cellular membranes is a key step during the life cycle. Enveloped viruses trigger this process by means specialized proteins expressed on their surface, so called fusion proteins. There are multiple assays to analyze entry including those that focus cell-cell induced some These methods often rely identification multinucleated cells (syncytium) as result cell membrane fusions. In manuscript, we describe novel methodology for study fusion. Our approach, named Bi...

Eukaryotic RUBISCO appears in two sequence‐diverging forms, known as red‐like (present nongreen algae) and green‐like (of green algae higher plants) types. Oxidation of cysteines from RUBISCOs is to result conformational changes that inactivate the enzyme render a relaxed structure more prone proteolytic attack. These may have regulatory value for plants, promoting catabolism under stress conditions. We compare here several diatoms with representative Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , paying...

The bacterial spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of most commonly reported arthropod-borne illness in United States, Lyme disease. A family proteins containing von Willebrand Factor (VWFA) domains adjacent to a MoxR AAA+ ATPase have been found be highly conserved genus Borrelia. Previously, VWFA domain protein B. burgdorferi, BB0172, was determined an outer membrane capable binding integrin α3β1. In this study, characterization new protein, BB0173, evaluated order define...

Abstract Several approaches have been developed to analyze the entry of highly pathogenic viruses. In this study, we report implementation a Bimolecular Multicellular Complementation (BiMuC) assay safely and efficiently monitor SARS-CoV-2 S-mediated membrane fusion without need for microscopy-based equipment. Using BiMuC, screened library approved drugs identified compounds that enhance S protein-mediated cell-cell fusion. Among them, ethynylestradiol promotes growth Influenza A virus in...