Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by an abnormal accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neuroinflammation, and impaired neurogenesis. Urolithin A (UA), gut-microbial metabolite ellagic acid, has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects in the brain. However, it unknown whether UA exerts its properties anti-inflammation neuronal protection APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model AD. Morris water maze was used detect cognitive function....

New data indicate that abnormal glomerular endothelial cell (GEC)-podocyte crosstalk plays a critical role in diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aim of our study is to investigate the exosomes from high glucose (HG)-treated GECs epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and dysfunction podocytes. In this study, were extracted GEC culture supernatants podocytes incubated with GEC-derived exosomes. Here, we demonstrate HG induces endothelial-mesenchymal (EndoMT) HG-treated cells undergoing EndoMT...

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are important pluripotent cells, which have potential applications in cell replacement therapy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth (NGF) been demonstrated to exert a marked impact on the proliferation differentiation of NSCs. The effects NGF, BDNF, BDNF combined with NGF NSC neuronal possible mechanisms for these were investigated this study. An adherent monolayer culture was employed obtain highly homogeneous divided into four groups: Control,...

Although valproic acid (VPA), has been shown to induce neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we investigated if and how mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is involved in VPA-induced NSCs. Our data demonstrated that mTOR activation not only promoted but also was necessary for NSCs induced by VPA. We further found inhibition blocked demethylation neuron-specific gene neurogenin 1 (Ngn1) regulatory element cells....

Background:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia.It causes progressive brain disorder involving loss normal memory and thinking skills.The transplantation neural stem cells (NSCs) has been reported to improve learning function AD rats, protects basal forebrain cholinergic neurons.Nerve growth factor -poly (ethylene glycol) (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-nanoparticles (NGF-PEG-PLGA-NPs) can facilitate differentiation NSCs in vitro.This study thus investigated treatment...

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is mainly characterized by demyelination resulted from the apoptosis of Schwann cell (SCs). Although exact mechanisms underlying DPN remain unclear, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress strongly implicated in apoptosis. Under ER stress, activated inositol-requiring kinase 1α (IRE1α) unregulated CHOP, phosphorylated JNK and Caspase-12 to aggravate apoptosis-mediated damage DPN. Therefore, we tested hypothesis that inhibition IRE1α could reduce stress-related...

Prolonged hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum have been demonstrated to play a key role in progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). PERK/ Nrf2 pathway plays predominant (ER) which is associated with cell survival. This study examined the modulation PERK/Nrf2 apoptosis by traditional Chinese medicine Tangluoning (TLN) streptozotocin-induced DPN rat models effects serum TLN on pathway, apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species mitochondrial...

The effects of prolonged physical training on memory performance and underlying presynaptic mechanisms were investigated in old C57BL/6 mice. Training via voluntary running wheels was initiated at 16 months age continued for 5 (1 h per day, days week), followed by testing learning functions counting puncta cholinergic inputs the hippocampus. Trained mice compared to their age-matched sedentary controls adult controls. This strategy improved hippocampal-dependent spatial function tested a...

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most important diabetic microangiopathies. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an role in DN. physiological microRNA-21 (miR-21) was closely linked to EMT. However, it remained elusive whether tongxinluo (TXL) ameliorated renal structure and function by regulating miR-21-induced EMT This study aimed determine effect TXL on tubular explore relationship between miR-21 TGF-β1/smads signals. Real-time RT-PCR, cell transfection, situ...

Asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, leading to structura1 changes in the airway, collectively termed remodeling. Airway remodeling thought contribute hyper responsiveness and irreversible airflow limitation. The combination of Herba Epimedii (HE) Fructus Ligustri Lucidi (FLL) decoction systemic administration glucocorticoids (GC) had a synergistic inhibitory action on inflammation asthmatic model rats. However, effects have not been studied compared. In present study, we...

Glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Our previous study revealed that high glucose (HG)-treated glomerular endothelial (GECs) produce an increased number TGF-[Formula: see text]1-containing exosomes to activate GMCs through text]1/Smad3 signaling pathway. We also identified Tongxinluo (TXL), a traditional Chinese medicine, has beneficial effects on treatment DN patients and type 2 mice. However, it remained elusive...

The decoction combination of Herba Epimedii and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi has been used to treat osteoporosis for almost 50 years by practitioners traditional Chinese medicine. However, it is unclear what specific effects this herbs on the skeleton. aim study was assess combined extracts from bone turnover mineral content in a rat model induced retinoic acid. Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned normal control group, or treatment groups which then administered at 50, 100, 200...

The plant-specific WRKY transcriptional regulatory factors have been proven to play vital roles in plant growth, development, and responses biotic abiotic stresses. However, there are few studies on the gene family sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). In present study, characterization of a new subgroup, IIc protein ScWRKY3, from Saccharum hybrid cultivar is reported. ScWRKY3 was localized nucleus Nicotiana benthamiana leaves showed no activation activity toxic effects yeast strain Y2HGold. An...

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a diabetic complication characterized by demyelination. The pathogenesis of DPN has not been fully elucidated, thus lacking therapies. In the current study, we aimed to confirm whether paeoniflorin (PF) could improve upregulating mitochondrial thioredoxin (Trx2) based on 4D Label-free proteomic experiments Schwann cells (SCs) mitochondria. Firstly, PF increased expression processing peptidase α (Pmpca) and small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (Sumo1)...

BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to investigate whether PP2A activation is involved in the anti-cancer activity metformin. MATERIAL AND METHODS:A549 and H1651 human lung cancer cells were constructed with stable a4 overexpression (O/E α4) or knockdown catalytic subunit A/B(sh-PP2Ac). Influences okadaic acid (OA) treatment, O/E α4 sh-PP2Ac on metformin treated investigated by cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, Transwell invasion assay vitro. Protein expression levels Bax, Bcl-2,...

Abstract Adverse experiences in early life can shape neuronal structures and synaptic function multiple brain regions, leading to deficits of distinct cognitive functions later life. Focusing on the pyramidal cells prelimbic cortex (PrL), a main subregion medial prefrontal cortex, impact early-life adversity (ELA) was investigated well-established animal model generated by changing rearing environment during postnatal days 2 9 (P2-P9), sensitive developmental period. ELA has enduring...

Tang Bi Kang (TBK) is a traditional Chinese medicine granule. It has been shown to have effects on nerve conduction velocity deficits, blood-related factors and oxidative stress. This study was undertaken evaluate proposed antioxidative anti-inflammatory activity of in rats with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).DPN induced male Wistar by intraperitoneal administration streptozocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg.b.w) for 8 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured the obtained clipping...

The differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into functional dopaminergic neural precursors is the basis cell therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, use small molecule inhibitors/activators in hiPSCs vitro leads to death and low efficiency. Moreover, mechanism remains unclear. MiR-210-5p was increased during differentiation. Whether it promotes transplantation needs further study. Here, we overexpressed miR-210-5p study its roles mechanisms. We found that...