A5069033129- Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Coccidia and coccidiosis research
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- interferon and immune responses
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Helminth infection and control
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Veterinary medicine and infectious diseases
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Livestock and Poultry Management
- Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Escherichia coli research studies
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Parasite Biology and Host Interactions
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Gut microbiota and health
Roslin Institute
2016-2025
University of Edinburgh
2016-2025
De Gezondheidsdienst voor Dieren
2024
Royal GD (Netherlands)
2024
Edinburgh College
2020
Utrecht University
2002-2016
The Pirbright Institute
1996-1997
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
1996
Veterinary Research Institute
1992-1993
Abstract Mammalian three-dimensional (3D) enteroids mirror in vivo intestinal organisation and are powerful tools to investigate cell biology host–pathogen interactions. We have developed complex multilobulated 3D chicken from embryonic villi adult crypts. These avian develop optimally suspension without the structural support required produce mammalian enteroids, resulting an inside-out enteroid conformation with media-facing apical brush borders. Histological transcriptional analyses show...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses cause severe infection in chickens at near complete mortality, but corresponding ducks is typically mild or asymptomatic. To understand the underlying molecular differences host response, primary chicken and duck lung cells, infected with two HPAI a low pathogenicity (LPAI) H2N3 virus, were subjected to RNA expression profiling. Chicken cells not showed highly elevated immune pro-inflammatory responses following virus infection. challenge...
We have generated the first transgenic chickens in which reporter genes are expressed a specific immune cell lineage, based upon control elements of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) locus. The Fms intronic regulatory element (FIRE) within CSF1R is shown to be highly conserved amniotes and absolutely required for myeloid-restricted expression fluorescent genes. As mammals, CSF1R-reporter were specifically at high levels cells macrophage lineage much lower level granulocytes....
Ducks and chickens are hosts of avian influenza virus, each with distinctive responses to infection. To understand these differences, we characterized the innate immune response low-pathogenicity virus H7N1 infection in ducks. Viral RNA was detected lungs from day 0.8 7, ducks mainly at 4. In both species, viral bursa gut. Infection resulted up-regulation interferon (IFN)-α IFN-β mRNA, while IFN-γ mRNA strongly up-regulated lung bursa. ducks, all investigated pathogen recognition receptor...
Synthesis of parasite specific IgE plays a critical role in the defence against helminth infections. We report here that from serum Schistosoma mansoni infected mice and Haemonchus contortus sheep recognizes complex‐type N‐glycans Arabidopsis thaliana , which contain R‐GlcNAcβ1→4(Fucα1→3)GlcNAcβ1‐Asn (core α1→3‐Fuc) Xylβ1→2Manβ1→4GlcNAcβ1‐R β1→2‐Xyl) modifications, honeybee phospholipase A2, carries core α1→3‐Fuc epitope. Evidence is presented α1→3‐fucosylated bind substantial part H. sheep....
Avian influenza virus can be divided into two groups, highly pathogenic avian (HPAI) and low (LPAI) based on their difference in virulence. To investigate if the clinical outcome between LPAI HPAI chickens is due to immunological host responses lung within first 24 hours post infection (hpi), were infected with or of subtype H7N1. Virus was found caudal cranial part lung. With LPAI, localised around intrapulmonary bronchus secondary bronchi. In sharp contrast, detected throughout whole...
Major distinctive features of avian lungs are the absence draining lymph nodes and alveoli alveolar macrophages (MPhs). However, a large network MPhs dendritic cells (DCs) is present in mucosa larger airways linings parabronchi. For modulation respiratory tract immune responses, for example, by vaccination, better understanding Ag uptake chicken needed. In this study, we provide detailed characterization APCs lungs, including their functional vivo activities as measured fluorescently labeled...
We studied the immunological responses in lung, brain and spleen of ducks chickens within first 7 days after infection with H7N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Infection HPAI caused significant morbidity mortality chickens, while was asymptomatic. The viral mRNA load higher all investigated tissues compared duck tissues. In HPAI-infected a high, but delayed, pro-inflammatory response IL-6 IL-1β induced, including up-regulation IFN-β, IFN-γ, TLR3 MDA-5 from 1 day post (p.i.)....
Macrophages have many functions in development and homeostasis as well innate immunity. Recent studies mammals suggest that cells arising the yolk sac give rise to self-renewing macrophage populations persist adult tissues. Macrophage proliferation differentiation is controlled by colony-stimulating factor (CSF1) interleukin 34 (IL34), both agonists of CSF1 receptor (CSF1R). In current manuscript we describe origin, function regulation macrophages, role CSF1R signaling during embryonic...
In mammals, the inducible cytokine interleukin 10 is a feedback negative regulator of inflammation. To determine extent to which this function conserved in birds, recombinant chicken IL-10 was expressed as secreted human Ig Fc fusion protein (chIL-10-Fc) and used immunise mice. Five monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specifically recognise were generated characterised. Two capture ELISA assays developed detected native chIL-10 from bone marrow-derived macrophages (chBMMs) stimulated with...
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause severe respiratory and systemic disease in chickens, commonly termed colibacillosis. Early immune responses after initial infection are highly important for the outcome of infection. In this study, early interactions between GFP-expressing APEC strains serotypes O1:K1:H7 O2:K1:H5 phagocytic cells lung CSF1R-reporter transgenic chickens were investigated. express fluorescent protein under control elements CSF1R promoter enhancer, such that...
Synonymous recoding of RNA virus genomes is a promising approach for generating attenuated viruses to use as vaccines. Problematically, typically hinders growth, but this may be rectified using CpG dinucleotide enrichment. CpGs are recognised by cellular zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP), and so in principle, removing ZAP sensing from propagation system will reverse attenuation CpG-enriched virus, enabling high titre yield vaccine virus. We tested strain influenza A (IAV) engineered...
Multiparameter flow cytometry is a routine method in immunological studies incorporated biomedical, veterinary, agricultural, and wildlife research routinely used veterinary clinical laboratories. Its use the diagnostics of poultry diseases still limited, but due to continuous expansion reagents cost reductions, this may change near future. Although structure function avian immune system show commonalities with mammals, at molecular level, there often low homology across species. The...
Effective mucosal immunity in the intestine involves a fine balance between tolerance of microbiome, recognition and elimination pathogens, inflammatory tissue injury. The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 regulates these processes intestines mice humans; activity is also conserved birds. To determine function avian immunity, we generated germ line modifications chicken locus to abolish or reduce expression. In vitro analysis macrophage response lipopolysaccharide confirmed loss protein...
CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T cells (NKT cells) have been well characterized in humans and mice, but it is unknown whether they are present other species. Here we describe the TCR α chain full length CD1d transcript of pig horse. Molecular modeling predicts that porcine (po) chain/poCD1d/α-GalCer equine (eq) chain/eqCD1d/α-GalCer form complexes highly homologous to human complex. Since a prerequisite for presence NKT expression protein, performed searches CD1D genes transcripts...
In this era of next generation sequencing technologies it is now possible to characterise the chicken respiratory microbiota without biases inherent traditional culturing techniques. However, little research has been performed in area. study we and compare buccal, nasal lung samples from chickens three different age groups using 16S rRNA gene analysis. Buccal swabs were taken birds aged 2 days (n = 5), 3 weeks 5) 30 months 6). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) also collected alongside reagent...