We have characterized in detail a new ceftriaxone- and multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain (FC428) isolated Japan 2015. FC428 differed from previous ceftriaxone-resistant strains contained novel mosaic penA allele encoding penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP 2). However, the resistance-determining 3'-terminal region of was almost identical to regions two previously reported Australia Japan, indicating that both conserved ceftriaxone PBP might spread.

The anti-HIV-1 activity of aromatic herbs in Labiatae was evaluated vitro. Forty five extract from among 51 samples obtained 46 herb species showed significant inhibitory effects against HIV-1 induced cytopathogenicity MT-4 cells. In particular, the aqueous extracts Melissa officinalis, a family Mentha x piperita "grapefruit mint," var. crispa, Ocimum basilicum cv "cinnamon," Perilla frutescens crispa f. viridis, Prunella vulgaris subsp. asiatica and Satureja montana potent (with an ED 16...

In 2009, the first high-level ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain (H041) was isolated in Kyoto, Japan. The present study describes an intensified surveillance (antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing) of isolates Kyoto its neighboring prefecture Osaka, Japan, 2010 to 2012, which initiated after identification H041. From April March 193 N. were collected MICs (μg/ml) six antimicrobials, including ceftriaxone, determined. All showed susceptibility ceftriaxone cefixime (MIC...

The first extensively drug resistant (XDR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with high resistance to the extended-spectrum cephalosporin ceftriaxone was identified in 2009 Japan, but no other this antimicrobial-resistance profile has been reported since. However, surveillance date based on phenotypic methods and sequence typing, not genome sequencing. Therefore, little is known about local population structure at genomic level, how determinants lineages are distributed evolve. We analysed...

Ceftriaxone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major public health concern globally because high-dose (1 g) injection of ceftriaxone the only remaining option for empirical monotherapy gonorrhoea. The ceftriaxone-resistant gonococcal strain FC428, cultured Osaka 2015, suspected to have spread nationally and internationally. We describe complete finished genomes FC428 two closely related isolates from examine genomic epidemiology these plus three Hyogo 2016–17 four 2017 Australia,...

We evaluated the antiviral activity of a chlorine dioxide gas solution (CD) and sodium hypochlorite (SH) against feline calicivirus, human influenza virus, measles canine distemper herpesvirus, adenovirus, adenovirus parvovirus. CD at concentrations ranging from 1 to 100 ppm produced potent activity, inactivating >or= 99.9% viruses with 15 sec treatment for sensitization. The was approximately 10 times higher than that SH.

Abstract For the purpose of discovering anti‐HIV‐1 agents from natural sources, water and EtOH extracts 50 Thai plants were screened for their inhibitory activity against HIV‐1 integrase (IN), an enzyme essential viral replication. Of these plants, extract Coleus parvifolius Benth. (aerial parts) showed potent IN with IC value 9.2 µg/mL. From this extract, 11 compounds isolated identified as luteolin 5‐ O ‐ β ‐d‐glucopyranoside ( 1 ), 2 7‐methyl ether 3 ‐d‐glucuronide 4 O‐...

Forty-eight methanol and aqueous extracts from Sudanese plants were screened for their inhibitory activity on viral replication. Nineteen showed effects HIV-induced cytopathic (CPE) MT-4 cells. The further against HIV-1 protease (PR) using an HPLC assay method. Of the tested extracts, of Acacia nilotica (bark pods), Euphorbia granulata (leaves), Maytenus senegalensis (stem-bark) A. (pods) M. considerable PR. Inhibitory principles isolated activities also discussed.

The polyether-macrolide antibiotic, boromycin, was isolated as a potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibiotic from fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. A-3376. Boromycin found to strongly inhibit the replication clinically HIV-1 strain well cultured in vitro laboratory experiments. mechanism for anti-HIV activity boromycin is suggested involve blocking later stage HIV infection, and probably maturity step molecule.

Abstract Bejel, an endemic treponematosis caused by infection with Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum, has not been reported in eastern Asia and the Pacific region. We report local spread of bejel among men who have sex Japan. Spread was complicated venereal syphilis.

ObjectivesAntimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a major public health concern globally. We report the first verified treatment failure of gonorrhoea with 2 g azithromycin (extended-release formulation) Japan and characteristics corresponding N. isolates.

Abstract Water and methanol extracts of 30 Chinese Mongolian medicinal plants were tested for their human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 (HIV‐1) inhibitory activity. Of the 60 extracts, 23 showed anti‐HIV ac‐tivity. Bioassay‐guided fractionation one most active extract root tuber Stephania cepharantha , led to isolation two alkaloids, aromoline FK‐3000 as potent substances. They completely inhibited cytopathic effects HIV‐1 on MT‐4 cells at 31.3 7.8 μg/mL, respectively. Copyright © 2002 John...

Human treponematosis is caused by various pathogenic Treponema pallidum subspecies, including T. subsp. pallidum, pertenue, endemicum, and carateum The global prevalence of syphilis has been increasing since the 2000s. Men account for more than 90% cases, with majority being men who have sex (MSM). In Japan, increase in number patients began 2011, a 10-year delay from trend. 2017, total 5,829 cases (3,934 1,895 women) were reported, an outstanding among young adult women; reported women age...

The first step of the UNAIDS/WHO 90-90-90 targets to encourage early diagnosis with treatment for control HIV-1 epidemic is achieve 90% in infected individuals. In Japan, approximately 30% newly reported cases have been annually identified by AIDS onset, implying that substantial numbers HIV-1-infected individuals remain undiagnosed. However, proportion undiagnosed has not yet determined. present study, recent infections newly-diagnosed was determined from 2006 2015 using a infection assay...

Accurate diagnosis of earlier HIV infection is essential for treatment and prevention. Currently, confirmation tests in Japan are performed using Western blot (WB), but WB has several limitations including low sensitivity cross-reactivity between HIV-1 HIV-2 antibodies. To address these problems, a new testing algorithm more reliable HIV-1/2 differentiation assay required. The Bio-Rad Geenius Confirmatory Assay (Geenius) recently been approved recommended use the revised guidelines by Center...

Pf-gp6, a 6 kDa anti-degranulation glycoprotein purified from the extract of Perilla frutescens, was examined for its antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2 in vitro. HIV-1-induced cytopathic effect proviral DNA synthesis were inhibited presence Pf-gp6. The 50% inhibitory concentrations Pf-gp6 various strains, including clinical isolates CCR5-using (R5) HIV-1, ranged between 1.3 71.0 μg/ml, depending on combination viral strain host cell. Furthermore, did not directly inactivate...

In a one pot procedure, 18 compounds of 7-(substituted phenyl)-2-substituted-6,7-dihydro-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidin-5-one derivatives (16-33) have been synthesized. 3(5)-Amino-5(3)-substituted-1,2,4-triazole (7-12) were used as synthomes which cyclo-condensed by fusion with substituted methyl cinnamate esters (13-15) to afford the target (16-33). an effort develop new non-nucleoside antiviral agents, 16-33 evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 and anti-HSV-1 activities. Complete inhibition...

Introduction. Human adenovirus (HAdV) has been reported as a potential cause of sexually transmitted urethritis. Aim. We aimed to investigate HAdVs associated with urethritis in Osaka, Japan through molecular characterization. Methodology. Urine samples were obtained from male patients 2015 2018. Molecular analysis the isolated strains and follow-up real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses clinical performed. Results. The isolates classified into five types belonging species D (18 cases)...