A5090881003- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Physical Activity and Health
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Obesity and Health Practices
- Diabetes Management and Research
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
University of Cambridge
2016-2025
MRC Epidemiology Unit
2015-2025
Addenbrooke's Hospital
2010-2024
Lancaster University
2023
Queen's University Belfast
2023
University of Wales Trinity Saint David
2023
Bridge University
2023
Medical Research Council
2010-2022
Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science
2020
Wellcome Trust
2020
Body fat distribution, usually measured using waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), is an important contributor to cardiometabolic disease independent of body mass index (BMI). Whether mechanisms that increase WHR via lower gluteofemoral (hip) or higher abdominal (waist) distribution affect risk unknown.To identify genetic variants associated with specifically and estimate their association risk.Genome-wide studies (GWAS) for combined data from the UK Biobank cohort summary statistics previous GWAS...
Early life stunting may have long-term effects on body composition, resulting in obesity-related comorbidities. We tested the hypothesis that individuals stunted early childhood be at higher cardiometabolic risk later adulthood. 1753 men and 1781 women participating 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study had measurements of anthropometry, lipids, glucose, blood pressure, other traits age 30 years. was defined as height-for-age Z-score 2 years below -2 against World Health Organization...
Body composition in early life influences the development of obesity during childhood and beyond. It is, therefore, important to adequately determine longitudinal body first months life.In 203 healthy term infants, we investigated composition, including fat mass percentage (FM%) fat-free (FFM), by air-displacement plethysmography, at 1, 3 6 age abdominal visceral subcutaneous fat, ultrasound, months.We found a significant increase FM% between 1 but not (p < 0.001, p = 0.098, respectively)....
Accelerated gain in fat mass the first months of life is considered to be a risk factor for adult diseases, given tracking infancy into adulthood. Our objective was assess influence early growth, type feeding and maternal variables on life.In 300 healthy term infants, we longitudinally measured percentage (FM%) by air-displacement-plethysmography at 1, 3, 6 abdominal visceral subcutaneous ultrasound 3 months.Both FM% weight-for-length were positively associated with age age. Gain between...
Abstract Objectives: The prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the Middle East is among highest world. Valid measures abdominal adiposity are essential to understanding metabolic consequences obesity. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) increasingly being utilised assess body composition population studies, has recently been used estimate visceral adipose tissue (VAT). aim this study was determine accuracy DXA-derived VAT a Eastern using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as criterion...
The risk of hepatic steatosis may be reduced through changes to dietary intakes, but evidence is sparse, especially for patterns including the Mediterranean diet. We investigated association between adherence diet and prevalence steatosis. Cross-sectional analysis data from two population-based adult cohorts: Fenland Study (England, n = 9645, 2005–2015) CoLaus (Switzerland, 3957, 2009–2013). Habitual was assessed using cohort-specific food frequency questionnaires. scores (MDSs) were...
Several studies have reported on associations of size at birth and early growth with general central obesity; however, few examined the potential effects weight postnatal separate abdominal fat compartments. We investigated birth, linear relative gain from to adulthood visceral (VFT) subcutaneous (SAFT) thicknesses age 30 years. A total 2663 participants 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) cohort study had complete information ultrasound measures years, anthropometric measurements for least five visits...
Other imaging techniques to quantify internal-abdominal adiposity (IA-AT) and subcutaneous-abdominal (SCA-AT) are frequently impractical in infants. The aim of this study was twofold: (a) validate ultrasound (US) visceral depths assessing IA-AT SCA-AT from MRI as the reference method infants (b) analyze association between US abdominal anthropometric measures at ages 3 months 12 months. Twenty-two underwent adiposity. Abdominal parameters variables were assessed Cambridge Baby Growth Study...
Abstract The findings of studies on the association between physical activity and adiposity are not consistent, most cross-sectional used only self-reported measures. aims this study were to evaluate: 1) independent combined associations objectively-measured sedentary time with body composition outcomes at 30 years, 2) prospective changes in from 23 years same participants 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. Body mass index, waist circumference, visceral abdominal fat, fat android/gynoid...
This study assessed the association of breastfeeding with body composition at 30 years, among subjects who have been prospectively followed since birth in a southern Brazilian city. We also evaluated whether moderated between rs9939609 variant FTO gene and adiposity. At total predominant were positively associated lean mass index inversely visceral fat thickness. Among breastfed for <1 month, all outcomes showed monotonically increasing values additional copies A allele genotype (rs9939609)....
The rising prevalence of obesity has made hepatic steatosis an increasingly common issue. Ultrasound is generally used in clinical practice to assess steatosis, but its accuracy been inconsistent across studies. We aimed determine the validity ultrasound diagnose when compared criterion method proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) older individuals.A total 72 healthy white European individuals (n = 42 men; n 30 women aged 67-76 years) participating Hertfordshire Birth Cohort Physical...
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) annually affects 35,000 pregnancies in the United Kingdom, causing suboptimal health outcomes to mother and child. Obesity excessive gestational weight gain are risk factors for GDM. The Institute of Medicine recommends targets women that overweight obese, however, there no clear guidelines with Observational data suggest modest loss (0.6-2 kg) after 28 weeks may reduce caesarean section, large-for-gestational-age (LGA), maternal postnatal glycaemia. This...
Background The growing prevalence of overweight and obesity in low- or middle-income countries precipitates the need to examine early life predictors adiposity. Objectives To growth trajectories from birth, associations with adult body composition Birth Twenty Plus Cohort, Soweto, South Africa. Methods Complete data at year 22 was available for 1088 participants (536 males 537 females). Conditional weight height indices were generated indicative relative rate between years 0–2, 2–5, 5–8,...
Abstract It has been shown using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H MRS) that, in a group of females, whole‐body insulin resistance was more closely related to accumulation saturated intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) than IMCL concentration alone. This not investigated males. We whether age‐ and body mass index‐matched healthy males differ from the previously reported females composition (measured as CH 2 :CH 3 ) ), their associations with resistance. ask is strongly associated other...
Individuals of black African ethnicity tend to have less visceral adipose tissue (VAT) but more subcutaneous-abdominal (SCAT) than white Caucasians. However, it is unclear whether such distribution abdominal fat beneficial for metabolic disease risk in individuals. Here we compared the associations between these specific depots, insulin sensitivity and syndrome risk. A cross-sectional analysis 76 South young adults (36 men; 40 women) aged 18–19 years participating Birth Twenty Cohort Study...
Several studies have verified body fat distribution in association with pulmonary function (PF), mainly waist circumference, but few used measures able to distinguish abdominal compartments. The present study aims verify the of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) PF measures.In 1982, all hospital births occurring Pelotas, Brazil, were identified those livebirths been followed. In 2012-13, cohort participants evaluated VAT SAT measured using ultrasound; forced expiratory...
To investigate the potential long-term effects of adolescent parenthood on completed education and income.Population-based birth cohort study.All live births in 1982, whose mothers lived urban area Pelotas, southern Brazil.A total 3701 participants: 1914 women 1787 men at age 30 years.Questionnaires were by early phases this study, members adolescence adulthood. Linear regression models G-computation used analyses.Educational attainment income years.In women, was associated with lower...