Albert C. Shaw
A5021647734- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- interferon and immune responses
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Immune cells in cancer
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Leptospirosis research and findings
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Neutrophil, Myeloperoxidase and Oxidative Mechanisms
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- American Constitutional Law and Politics
Yale University
2016-2025
Imperial College London
2022
IE University
2019
University School
2019
Yale New Haven Hospital
2019
Office of Infectious Diseases
2007-2010
University of Missouri
2010
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
1987-2008
Colorado State University
2006
Children's Hospital at Westmead
2003
Vitamin D deficiency is a major risk factor for bone loss and fracture. Although hypovitaminosis has been detected frequently in elderly housebound people, the prevalence of vitamin among patients hospitalized on general medical service unknown.
There is increasing evidence that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) produces more severe symptoms and higher mortality among men than women1–5. However, whether immune responses against acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) differ between sexes, such differences correlate with the sex difference in course of COVID-19, currently unknown. Here we examined viral loads, SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody titres, plasma cytokines blood-cell phenotyping patients moderate COVID-19 who had not...
Abstract We evaluated TLR function in primary human dendritic cells (DCs) from 104 young (age 21–30 y) and older (≥65 individuals. used multicolor flow cytometry intracellular cytokine staining of myeloid DCs (mDCs) plasmacytoid (pDCs) found substantial decreases compared with individuals TNF-α, IL-6, and/or IL-12 (p40) production mDCs TNF-α IFN-α pDCs response to TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR3, TLR5, TLR8 engagement TLR7 TLR9 pDCs. These differences were highly significant after adjustment for...
The effects of aging on human TLR function remain incompletely understood. We assessed and expression in peripheral blood monocytes from 159 subjects 2 age categories, 21-30 >65 years age, using a multivariable mixed effect model. Using flow cytometry to assess TLR-induced cytokine production, we observed substantial, highly significant defect TLR1/2-induced TNF-alpha (p = 0.0003) IL-6 < 0.0001) older adults compared with young controls. In contrast findings aged mice, other (including...
Highlights•Inflammation and joint pathology during gout flare is prevented by ketogenic diet•BHB inhibits IL-1β secretion from neutrophils•Ketogenic diet BHB inhibit NLRP3 activation in aged neutrophils•BHB both priming assembly steps of neutrophilsSummaryAging lipotoxicity are two major risk factors for that linked the inflammasome. Neutrophil-mediated production interleukin-1β (IL-1β) drives gouty flares cause destruction, intense pain, fever. However, metabolites impact neutrophil...
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in major neutralizing antibody-binding sites can affect humoral immunity induced by infection or vaccination1-6. Here we analysed the development anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell responses individuals who were previously infected (recovered) uninfected (naive) received mRNA vaccines to SARS-CoV-2. While sustained higher titres than post-vaccination, latter reached comparable levels neutralization ancestral strain after second vaccine...
Influenza A virus (IAV) causes up to half a million deaths worldwide annually, 90% of which occur in older adults. We show that IAV-infected monocytes from humans have impaired antiviral interferon production but retain intact inflammasome responses. To understand the vivo consequence, we used mice expressing functional Mx gene encoding major interferon-induced effector against IAV humans. In Mx1-intact with weakened resistance due deficiencies Mavs and Tlr7, found an elevated respiratory...
Chitinase 3–like 1 protects against lung injury but has a profibrotic role during the repair phase.
Abstract Dysregulated immune responses against the SARS-CoV-2 virus are instrumental in severe COVID-19. However, signatures associated with immunopathology poorly understood. Here we use multi-omics single-cell analysis to probe dynamic hospitalized patients stable or progressive course of COVID-19, explore V(D)J repertoires, and assess cellular effects tocilizumab. Coordinated profiling gene expression cell lineage protein markers shows that S100A hi /HLA-DR lo classical monocytes...
Abstract Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) is a significant public health concern. We describe Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) on 590 participants prospectively assessed from hospital admission for COVID-19 through one year after discharge. Modeling identified 4 PRO clusters based reported deficits (minimal, physical, mental/cognitive, and multidomain), supporting heterogenous clinical presentations in PASC, with sub-phenotypes associated female sex distinctive comorbidities. During...
Antibody-producing cells display a special form of regulation whereby each cell produces immunoglobulin from only one its two sets antibody genes. This phenomenon, called allelic exclusion, is thought to be mediated by the product heavy chain allele restricting expression other. Heavy chains are synthesized in molecular forms, secreted and membrane bound. In order determine whether it specifically membrane-bound M (IgM) (μ) that mediates this regulation, transgenic mice were created carry...
We have investigated the effects of LPS, human rTNF (hrTNF) and rIL-1 beta (hrIL-1 beta) pretreatment on intensity antibody-mediated injury in vivo by using a passive model anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis rats. The experiments show that all three pretreatments exacerbate this whether judged albuminuria or prevalence glomerular capillary thrombi. effect was dose dependent with treatments. lowest effective LPS 0.025 microgram while those for hrTNF hrIL-1 were 0.4 0.5...
Innate immunity, including Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated expression of the B7 costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, is critical for vaccine immunity. We examined whether CD86 vary with aging predict response to trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine.One hundred sixty-two subjects between 21 30 years age (the young group) or > =65 older enrolled before vaccination. determined TLR-induced monocyte CD80/CD86 by flow cytometry antibody responses hemagglutination inhibition.The mean...
Aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in immune function. Studies have shown age-related decreases the expression and signaling efficiency of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) monocytes dendritic cells dysregulation macrophage TLR3. Using multivariable mixed effect model, we report highly significant increase TLR5-induced production IL-8 from older individuals (P < 0.0001). Elevated increased TLR5, both protein mRNA, levels TLR5-mediated phosphorylation MAPK p38 ERK. We noted incomplete...
Annual influenza vaccinations are currently recommended for all individuals 6 months and older. Antibodies induced by vaccination an important mechanism of protection against infection. Despite the overall public health success vaccination, many fail to induce a substantial antibody response. Systems-level immune profiling studies have discerned associations between transcriptional cell subset signatures with responses. However, existing relied on small cohorts not been validated in large...