A5017136104- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Sex work and related issues
- Reproductive tract infections research
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology
- Fungal Infections and Studies
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Transgenic Plants and Applications
Communities In Schools of Orange County
2025
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
2015-2024
UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center
2020
AIDS United
2019
National Center for HIV/AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD and TB Prevention
2019
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2019
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective at suppressing HIV-1 replication, the virus persists as a latent reservoir in resting CD4+ T cells during therapy. This forms even when ART initiated early after infection, but dynamics of its formation are largely unknown. The viral reservoirs individuals who initiate chronic infection generally larger and genetically more diverse than those acute consistent with hypothesis that formed continuously throughout untreated infection. To...
Vaginal HIV transmission accounts for the majority of new infections worldwide. Currently, multiple efforts to prevent are based on pre-exposure prophylaxis with various antiretroviral drugs. Here, we describe two novel nanoformulations reverse transcriptase inhibitor rilpivirine pericoital and coitus-independent prevention. Topically applied rilpivirine, encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles, was delivered a thermosensitive gel, which becomes solid at body temperature. nanoparticles coated...
HIV-1 persists as a latent reservoir during suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Viral rebound occurs upon ART interruption, posing challenge to cure efforts. Characterizing viral populations fuelling is imperative curing HIV-1. We used longitudinal samples collected pretherapy from women in the CAPRISA 002 cohort create an evolutionary time- line determine timepoint when virus originally entered long- lived reservoir. Participants (N=10) were untreated for average of 5 years then on 2...
Abstract A long-acting injectable formulation of the HIV integrase inhibitor cabotegravir (CAB-LA) is currently in clinical development for PrEP. Although long plasma half-life CAB-LA an important attribute PrEP, it also raises concerns about drug resistance emergence if someone becomes infected with HIV, or PrEP initiated during undiagnosed acute infection. Here we use a macaque model SHIV infection to risks Six macaques received before seroconversion. We show mutations G118R, E92G/Q, G140R...
HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells are an important component of HIV-1 curative strategies. Viral variants in the reservoir may limit capacity to detect and clear virus-infected cells. We investigated patterns cell escape replication-competent 25 persons living with (PLWH) durably suppressed on antiretroviral therapy (ART). identified all reactive epitopes proteome for each participant sequenced outgrowth viruses from resting CD4+ All non-synonymous mutations were tested their effect size response,...
People with HIV-1 (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) can maintain undetectable virus levels, but a small pool of infected cells persists. This is largely comprised defective proviruses that may produce proteins are incapable making infectious virus, only fraction (~10%) these harboring intact viral genomes, some which following ex vivo stimulation (i.e. inducible proviruses). A majority the persist ART formed near time initiation. Here we compared proviral DNA (assessed here as 3’ half...
An array of carbohydrates masks the HIV-1 surface protein Env, contributing to evasion humoral immunity. In most isolates 'glycan holes' occur due natural sequence variation, potentially revealing underlying immune system. Here we computationally design epitopes that mimic such features (carbohydrate-occluded neutralization or CONE) Env through 'epitope transplantation', in which target region is presented on a carrier scaffold with preserved structural properties. Scaffolds displaying four...
ABSTRACT We used bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) humanized mice to establish the effect of semen on vaginal HIV infection and efficacy topically applied maraviroc. Our results demonstrate that transmission cell-free occurs efficiently in presence maraviroc prevents semen. also show has no significant transmitted/founder viruses or cell-associated viruses.
HIV-1 compartmentalization in the central nervous system (CNS) and its contribution to neurological disease have been well documented. Previous studies were conducted among people infected with subtypes B or C where CNS has observed when comparing viral sequences blood virus cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, little is known about other subtypes. Using a deep sequencing approach Primer ID, we cross-sectional study Nigerian Malawian cohorts without fungal Cryptococcus infection diagnosed as...
HIV-1 infection is a sexually transmitted that coexists with other STI. Here, we examined the impact of concurrent STI resulting in urethritis on population within male genital tract. We found viral populations remain largely stable even treatment These results show tract are defined by factors beyond transient inflammation associated
Abstract Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) is highly effective at suppressing HIV-1 replication, the virus persists as a latent reservoir in resting CD4+ T cells during therapy. Little known about dynamics of formation and this forms even when ART initiated early after infection. The individuals who initiate chronic infection generally larger genetically more diverse than that acute infection, suggesting formed continuously throughout untreated To determine viruses enter reservoir, we...
ABSTRACT Previous studies have shown that the majority of long-lived cells harboring persistent HIV-1 proviral genomes originates from viruses circulating in year prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, but a smaller proportion much earlier untreated infection. These observations suggest discrete biological factors influence entry and persistence into pool, there may be periods infection with increased seeding. Therefore, we examined timing formation pool infected persists during...
To estimate time of HIV infection in participants from the Bangkok Tenofovir Study (BTS) with daily oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and relate adherence patterns.
Background The HIV‐1 viral surface Env protein encodes a dense array of carbohydrates. Many these N‐linked surface‐covering carbohydrates appear at highly conserved positions, although most isolates are missing one or more glycosylation sites, which potentially reveal underlying structures. We have grouped the that underlies into set Carbohydrate‐Occluded Neutralization Epitopes (CONEs). examined utility small mimics CONEs to serve as potential immunogens. Methods selected four distinct...
Abstract This study investigated the function of memory CD8 T cells in HIV-infected people durably suppressed on antiretroviral therapy (HIV+ cART). We assessed bulk and virus-specific HIV+ cART HIV-seronegative individuals (HIV−) by flow cytometry. observed a population CD3+ CD8dim CD14− CD16− (CD8dim) that was expanded as percentage total both HIV− CMV-seropositive individuals. Bulk expressed significantly higher CD69 less MHC Class I CD127 ex vivo than CD8bright cells, suggesting recent...
Abstract Untreated HIV infection is characterized by generalized immune activation, T cell dysfunction, and ultimately the exhaustion of HIV-specific CD8 responses. Durable virus suppression resulting from anti-retroviral therapy (ART) associated with greatly improved function, but some phenotypic functional abnormalities persist even after years suppressive ART. We have observed that, relative to HIV-seronegative individuals, cells HIV+ participants on ART are skewed toward a more...
Abstract Concurrent sexually transmitted infections (STI) can increase the probability of HIV-1 transmission primarily by increasing viral load present in semen. In this study, we explored relationship blood and seminal plasma presence absence urethritis after treatment concurrent STI. Primer ID deep sequencing V1/V3 region env gene was done for paired semen samples from ART-naïve men living Malawi with (n = 19) without 5) STI-associated urethritis; a subset full length genes were generated...