A5021481967- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Calcium signaling and nucleotide metabolism
- Axon Guidance and Neuronal Signaling
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Hippo pathway signaling and YAP/TAZ
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Ecology and Conservation Studies
Hospital for Tropical Diseases
2014-2024
Oxford University Clinical Research Unit
2015-2024
Stanford University
2022-2024
Biotechnology Institute
2024
The University of Melbourne
2024
University of Cambridge
2020-2024
University of London
2024
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2024
University of Oxford
2023-2024
Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
2024
Abstract Acinetobacter baumannii is a significant cause of opportunistic hospital acquired infection and has been identified as an important emerging due to its high levels antimicrobial resistance. Multidrug resistant A. risen rapidly in Vietnam, where colistin becoming the drug last resort for many infections. In this study we generated spontaneous progeny (up >256 μg/μl) from four susceptible Vietnamese isolates one reference strain (MIC <1.5 μg/μl). Whole genome sequencing was used...
Abstract Multidrug‐resistant ( MDR ) Klebsiella pneumoniae has become a leading cause of nosocomial infections worldwide. Despite its prominence, little is known about the genetic diversity K. in resource‐poor hospital settings. Through whole‐genome sequencing WGS ), we reconstructed an outbreak occurring on high‐dependency wards Kathmandu during 2012 with case‐fatality rate 75%. The analysis permitted identification two lineages causing distinct outbreaks within complex endemic . Using...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to the clinical management of typhoid fever. AMR in Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) is commonly associated with H58 lineage, lineage that arose comparatively recently before becoming globally disseminated. To better understand when and how emerged became dominant, we performed detailed phylogenetic analyses on contemporary genome sequences from S. isolated period spanning emergence. Our dataset, which contains earliest described organism,...
We recently reported a dramatic increase in the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections intensive care unit (ICU) Vietnamese hospital. This upsurge was associated with specific oxa23-positive clone that identified by multilocus VNTR analysis. Here, we used whole-genome sequence analysis to dissect emergence A. causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) ICU during 2009-2012. To provide historical context and distinguish microevolution from strain introduction,...
Salmonella enterica serovar Weltevreden (S. Weltevreden) is an emerging cause of diarrheal and invasive disease in humans residing tropical regions. Despite the regional international emergence this serovar, relatively little known about its genetic diversity, genomics or virulence potential model systems. Here we used whole genome sequencing bioinformatics analyses to define phylogenetic structure a diverse global selection S. Weltevreden. Phylogenetic analysis more than 100 isolates...
Salmonella Typhimurium is a major diarrheal pathogen and associated with invasive nontyphoid (iNTS) disease in vulnerable populations. We present the first characterization of iNTS organisms Southeast Asia describe different evolutionary trajectory from that causing sub-Saharan Africa. In Vietnam, globally distributed monophasic variant Typhimurium, serovar I:4,[5],12:i:− ST34 clone, has reacquired phase 2 flagellum gained multidrug-resistant plasmid to become HIV-infected patients. document...
The increasing incidence and emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii has become a major global health concern. Colistin is historic antimicrobial that commonly used as treatment for MDR A. infections. increase in colistin usage been mirrored by an resistance. We aimed to identify the mechanisms associated with resistance using multiple high-throughput-sequencing technologies, including transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS), RNA (RNAseq) whole-genome...
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious healthcare-associated infection that affects up to 30 % of intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. The bacterial aetiology corresponding antimicrobial susceptibility VAP highly variable, can differ between countries, national provinces even different wards the same hospital. We aimed understand document changes causative agents their profiles retrospectively over an 11 year period major...
Multidrug efflux pumps provide clinically significant levels of drug resistance in a number Gram-negative hospital-acquired pathogens. These pathogens frequently carry dozens genes encoding putative multidrug pumps. However, it can be difficult to determine how many these actually mediate antimicrobial efflux, and even more challenging identify the regulatory proteins that control expression In this study, we developed an innovative high-throughput screening method, combining transposon...
It is predicted that the integration of climate-based early warning systems into existing action plans will facilitate timely provision interventions to diarrheal disease epidemics in resource-poor settings. Diarrhea remains a considerable public health problem Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam and we aimed quantify variation impact environmental conditions on risk across city. Using all inpatient admissions data from three large hospitals within HCMC, developed mixed effects regression model...
Pediatric diarrheal disease presents a major public health burden in low- to middle-income countries. The clinical benefits of empirical antimicrobial treatment for diarrhea are unclear settings that lack reliable diagnostics and have high resistance (AMR).
Acinetobacter baumannii has become one of the major infection threats in intensive care units (ICUs) globally. Since 2008, A. been leading cause ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) our ICU at an infectious disease hospital southern Vietnam. The emergence this pathogen setting is consistent with persistence a specific clone exhibiting resistance to carbapenems. Antimicrobial combinations may be strategy treat infections caused by these carbapenem-resistant . Therefore, we assessed potential...
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) are among the most common etiological agents of diarrheal diseases worldwide and have become commonly detected bacterial pathogen in children hospitalized with diarrhea Vietnam. Aiming to better understand epidemiology, serovar distribution, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), clinical manifestation NTS gastroenteritis Vietnam, we conducted a genomics investigation isolated from admitted one three tertiary hospitals Ho Chi Minh City. Between May 2014 April 2016,...
Ciprofloxacin is the first-line drug for treating typhoid fever in many countries Africa with a high disease burden, but emergence of non-susceptibility poses challenge to public health programmes. Through enhanced surveillance as part vaccine evaluation, we investigated occurrence and potential determinants ciprofloxacin Blantyre, Malawi.
Macrocyclization of acyclic compounds is a powerful strategy for improving inhibitor potency and selectivity. Here we have optimized 2-aminopyrimidine-based macrocycles to use these as chemical tools the ephrin kinase family. Starting with promiscuous macrocyclic inhibitor,
Background: Diarrhoea remains one of the leading causes childhood mortality globally. Recent epidemiological studies conducted in low-middle income countries (LMICs) identified Shigella spp. as first and second most predominant agent dysentery moderate diarrhoea, respectively. Antimicrobial therapy is often necessary for infections; however, we are reaching a crisis point with efficacious antimicrobials. The rapid emergence resistance against existing antimicrobials poses serious global...
Targeting host factors exploited by multiple viruses could offer broad-spectrum solutions for pandemic preparedness. Seventeen candidates targeting diverse functions emerged in a screen of 4,413 compounds SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. We demonstrated that lapatinib and other approved inhibitors the ErbB family receptor tyrosine kinases suppress replication SARS-CoV-2, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), emerging with high barrier to resistance. Lapatinib suppressed entry later stages viral...
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) refers to a family of closely related genes that confer decreased susceptibility fluoroquinolones. PMQR are generally associated with integrons and/or plasmids carry additional antimicrobial active against range antimicrobials. In Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, we have previously shown high frequency within commensal Enterobacteriaceae. However, there limited available sequence data detailing the genetic context in which reside, and lack...
Shigella spp. are one of the most common causes paediatric dysentery globally, responsible for a substantial proportion diarrhoeal disease morbidity and mortality, particularly in industrialising regions. Alarming levels antimicrobial resistance now reported S. flexneri sonnei, hampering treatment options. Little is known, however, about burden infection due to community. In order estimate incidence this bacterial community Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam we have designed longitudinal cohort...
Abstract In search for broad-spectrum antivirals, we discovered a small molecule inhibitor, RMC-113, that potently suppresses the replication of multiple RNA viruses including SARS-CoV-2 in human lung organoids. We demonstrated selective dual inhibition lipid kinases PIP4K2C and PIKfyve by RMC-113 target engagement its clickable analog. Advanced lipidomics revealed alteration SARS-CoV-2-induced phosphoinositide signature linked antiviral effect with functional inhibition. PIP4K2C’s roles...
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) organisms are a major cause of gastroenteritis and bacteremia, but little is known about maternally acquired immunity natural exposure in infant populations residing areas where NTS disease highly endemic.We recruited 503 pregnant mothers their infants (following delivery) from urban Vietnam followed until they were 1 year old. Exposure to the dominant serovars, enterica serovars Typhimurium Enteritidis, assessed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O antigen-specific...
Shigella sonnei is an emergent and major diarrheal pathogen for which there currently no vaccine. We aimed to quantify duration of maternal antibody against S. investigate transplacental IgG transfer in a birth cohort southern Vietnam.Over 500-paired maternal/infant plasma samples were evaluated presence anti-S. sonnei-O IgM. Longitudinal allowed the estimation median half-life IgG, was 43 days (95% confidence interval: 41-45 days). Additionally, half infants lacked detectable titer by 19...
Antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are a well-established global health issue. We aimed to assess the prevalence of epidemiological factors associated with carriage ciprofloxacin- ceftriaxone-resistant Escherichia coli resistance genes cohort 498 healthy children residing urban Vietnam.We cultured rectal swabs onto MacConkey agar supplemented resistant concentrations ciprofloxacin ceftriaxone. Additionally, we screened meta-E. populations...
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a serious threat to the clinical management of typhoid fever. AMR in Salmonella Typhi ( S . Typhi) is associated with H58 lineage, which arose comparatively recently before becoming globally disseminated. To better understand when and how this lineage emerged became dominant, we performed detailed phylogenetic phylodynamic analyses on contemporary genome sequences from isolated period spanning emergence. Our dataset, contains earliest described...