A5045393404- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Paleopathology and ancient diseases
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Animal Diversity and Health Studies
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Ecology and biodiversity studies
- Amphibian and Reptile Biology
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Fish Ecology and Management Studies
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Nuts composition and effects
- Molecular Biology Techniques and Applications
- Race, Genetics, and Society
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Bone Tumor Diagnosis and Treatments
- Historical and Cultural Archaeology Studies
Trinity College Dublin
2016-2025
University of Southern Denmark
2021
Molecular Medicine Ireland
2005
St. James's Hospital
2005
National University of Ireland
2002-2005
Norwegian University of Science and Technology
2002-2003
University of Milan
1998-1999
University College Dublin
1998
Abstract The Great Hungarian Plain was a crossroads of cultural transformations that have shaped European prehistory. Here we analyse 5,000-year transect human genomes, sampled from petrous bones giving consistently excellent endogenous DNA yields, 13 Neolithic, Copper, Bronze and Iron Age burials including two to high (~22 × ) seven ~1 coverage, investigate the impact these on Europe’s genetic landscape. These data suggest genomic shifts with advent Ages, interleaved periods genome...
A dogged investigation of domestication The history how wolves became our pampered pooches today has remained controversial. Frantz et al. describe high-coverage sequencing the genome an Irish dog from Bronze Age as well ancient mitochondrial DNA sequences. Comparing dogs to a modern worldwide panel shows old, deep split between East Asian and Western Eurasian dogs. Thus, were domesticated two separate wolf populations on either side Old World. Science , this issue p. 1228
How humans got their goats Little is known regarding the location and mode of early domestication animals such as for husbandry. To investigate history goat, Daly et al. sequenced mitochondrial nuclear sequences from ancient specimens ranging hundreds to thousands years in age. Multiple wild populations contributed origin modern during Neolithic. Over time, one type spread became dominant worldwide. However, at whole-genome level, goat are a mix different sources provide evidence multilocus...
How cow genomes have moo-ved Cattle were domesticated ∼10,000 years ago, but analysis of modern breeds has not elucidated their origins. Verdugo et al. performed genome-wide 67 ancient Near Eastern Bos taurus DNA samples. Several populations aurochs progenitors domestic cows. These genetic lineages mixed ∼4000 ago in a region around the Indus Valley. Interestingly, mitochondrial indicated that material likely derived from arid-adapted indicus (zebu) bulls was introduced by introgression....
Abstract. Nine allozyme and two minisatellite loci were used to investigate potential genetic differentiation among three samples of Mediterranean poor cod, Trisopterus minutus capelanus , from the Gulf Lion, Tuscan Archipelago Aegean Sea. Both types markers showed consistent results, with F ST values 0.0262 0.0296 (P < 0.0015, after Bonferroni correction for multiple tests) allozymes minisatellites, respectively. Allele frequency heterogeneity tests between pairs a clear separation...
Abstract The attire of the Tyrolean Iceman, a 5,300-year-old natural mummy from Ötzal Italian Alps, provides surviving example ancient manufacturing technologies. Research into his garments has however, been limited by ambiguity surrounding their source species. Here we present targeted enrichment and sequencing full mitochondrial genomes sampled clothes quiver, which elucidates species production for nine fragments. Results indicate that majority samples originate domestic ungulate (cattle,...
The Aceramic Neolithic (∼9600 to 7000 cal BC) period in the Zagros Mountains, western Iran, provides some of earliest archaeological evidence goat (Capra hircus) management and husbandry by circa 8200 BC, with detectable morphological change appearing ∼1,000 y later. To examine genomic imprint initial its implications for domestication process, we analyzed 14 novel nuclear genomes (mean coverage 1.13X) 32 mitochondrial (mtDNA) 143X) from two such sites, Ganj Dareh Tepe Abdul Hosein. These...
Abstract Roman writers found the relative empowerment of Celtic women remarkable 1 . In southern Britain, Late Iron Age Durotriges tribe often buried with substantial grave goods 2 Here we analyse 57 ancient genomes from Durotrigian burial sites and find an extended kin group centred around a single maternal lineage, unrelated (presumably inward migrating) burials being predominantly male. Such matrilocal pattern is undescribed in European prehistory, but when compare mitochondrial haplotype...
The origins and prehistory of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are incompletely understood; to address this, we generated data from 118 ancient genomes spanning 12,000 years sampled across Eurasia. Genomes Central Türkiye ~8000 BCE genetically proximal the but do not fully explain ancestry later populations, suggesting a mosaic wild ancestries. Genomic signatures indicate selection by herders for pigmentation patterns, hornedness, growth rate. Although first European flocks derive Türkiye, in...
The relationship between humans and pigs has changed dramatically since their domestication in southwest Asia subsequent human-induced introduction into Europe. Introgression incoming Asian European boar resulted the gradual replacement of ancestry pigs. However, we currently lack genomic data required to explore regional trajectories, nature, extent contact that led this turnover, how process was facilitated by human activity. We addressed deficit sequencing four Mesolithic seven Neolithic...
Medieval manuscripts, carefully curated and conserved, represent not only an irreplaceable documentary record but also a remarkable reservoir of biological information. Palaeographic codicological investigation can often locate date these documents with precision. The York Gospels (York Minster Ms. Add. 1) is one such codex, small collection pre-conquest Gospel books to have survived the Reformation. By extending non-invasive triboelectric (eraser-based) sampling technique eZooMS, include...
Prehistoric Japan underwent rapid transformations in the past 3000 years, first from foraging to wet rice farming and then state formation. A long-standing hypothesis posits that mainland Japanese populations derive dual ancestry indigenous Jomon hunter-gatherer-fishers succeeding Yayoi farmers. However, genomic impact of agricultural migration subsequent sociocultural changes remains unclear. We report 12 ancient genomes pre- postfarming periods. Our analysis finds maintained a small...
Highlights•The last meal of the Iceman, a European Copper Age mummy, was reconstructed•Our multipronged approach deciphers composition and food processing•His high-fat diet supplemented with wild meat cerealsSummaryThe history humankind is marked by constant adoption new dietary habits affecting human physiology, metabolism, even development nutrition-related disorders. Despite clear archaeological evidence for shift from hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture in Neolithic Europe [1], very...
The harsh climate of Arabia has posed challenges in generating ancient DNA from the region, hindering direct examination genomes for understanding demographic processes that shaped Arabian populations. In this study, we report whole-genome sequence data obtained four Tylos-period individuals Bahrain. Their genetic ancestry can be modeled as a mixture sources Anatolia, Levant, and Iran/Caucasus, with variation between suggesting population heterogeneity Bahrain before onset Islam. We identify...
Abstract Brucella melitensis is a major livestock bacterial pathogen and zoonosis, causing disease infection-related abortions in small ruminants humans. A considerable burden to animal-based economies today, the presence of Neolithic pastoral communities has been hypothesised but we lack direct genomic evidence thus far. We report 3.45X B. genome preserved an ~8000 year old sheep specimen from Menteşe Höyük, Northwest Türkiye, demonstrating that had evolved was circulating livestock. The...
Abstract Competition between male fallow deer ( Dama dama ), during the breeding season was studied to determine if conflict strategies were consistent with reduction of risk. Agonistic interactions males analysed in relation age, dominance rank and availability mating opportunities. The divided into two main periods: pre‐rut began when all had cleaned velvet from their antlers ended on last day before matings first observed, while rut refers period matings. Overall, socially mature (≥4yr...
Significance The Siberian Arctic has witnessed numerous societal changes since the first known appearance of dogs in region ∼10,000 years ago. These include introduction ironworking ∼2,000 ago and emergence reindeer pastoralism ∼800 analysis 49 ancient dog genomes reveals that ancestry Siberia shifted over last 2,000 due to an influx from Eurasian Steppe Europe. Combined with genomic data humans archaeological evidence, our results suggest though human populations did not change this period,...
Archaeological consideration of maritime connectivity has ranged from a biogeographical perspective that considers the sea as barrier to view seaways ancient highways facilitate exchange. Our results illustrate former. We report three Late Neolithic human genomes Mediterranean island Malta are markedly enriched for runs homozygosity, indicating inbreeding in their ancestry and an effective population size only hundreds, striking illustration isolation this agricultural society. In Neolithic,...
Orkney was a major cultural center during the Neolithic, 3800 to 2500 BC. Farming flourished, permanent stone settlements and chambered tombs were constructed, long-range contacts sustained. From ∼3200 BC, number, density, extravagance of increased, new ceremonial monuments ceramic styles, possibly originating in Orkney, spread across Britain Ireland. By ∼2800 this phenomenon waning, although Neolithic traditions persisted at least Unlike elsewhere Britain, there is little material evidence...
Occupied between ~10,300 and 9300 years ago, the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Aşıklı Höyük in Central Anatolia went through early phases sheep domestication. Analysis 629 mitochondrial genomes from this numerous sites Anatolia, southwest Asia, Europe, Africa produced a phylogenetic tree with excessive coalescences (nodes) around Neolithic, potential signature domestication bottleneck. This is consistent archeological evidence management at which transitioned residential stabling to open...
The protocol described here is a multi-day extraction for the recovery of fragment DNA molecules from bone or teeth powder obtained ancient historical remains. based on silica-column method initially in (Yang et al, 1998). Further modifications were made to this base and reported (MacHugh 2000), (Gamba 2014), (Daly 2018), (Verdugo 2019). instructions presented describe totality these are one aDNA methods employed by Molecular Population Genetics group at Trinity College Dublin.
A tripartite structure for the genetic origin of Japanese populations states that present-day are descended from three main ancestors: (1) indigenous Jomon hunter-gatherers; (2) a Northeast Asian component arrived during agrarian Yayoi period; and (3) major influx East ancestry in imperial Kofun period. However, heterogeneity observed different regions archipelago highlights need to assess applicability suitability this model. Here, we analyse historic genomes southern Ryukyu Islands, which...