A5085003525- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Respiratory viral infections research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Dermatological and COVID-19 studies
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Malaria Research and Control
- COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Romani and Gypsy Studies
- Phytochemical compounds biological activities
- Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
2015-2024
We report an ongoing measles outbreak in Italy, with over 4,400 cases reported 20 Regions from January to August 2017. Median age was 27 years, 88% of the were unvaccinated. The highest incidence infants below one year and 7% occurred among healthcare workers. Three deaths two encephalitis reported. Wide immunity gaps nosocomial transmission are major challenges elimination Italy.
ObjectivesTo evaluate whether the increase of temperature can influence environmental endurance severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).MethodsVirus was inoculated on a plastic surface and harvested at predefined time-points in parallel 20°C–25°C (room temperature; RT) 28°C (June JT). Samples were tested by TCID50 titres Vero cells.ResultsOur results confirm that fomite transmission emerging SARS-CoV-2 is possible: virus reserved its ability to infect cells for up 84...
Since late 2023, the Metropolitan City of Milan and surrounding areas (northern Italy) have been experiencing a resurgence measles, with most cases detected starting from January 2024. During this brief period, we observed measles in travellers endemic areas, participants international events, vaccinees healthcare workers. Indigenous also identified. Even though not yet identified large disruptive outbreaks, strengthening surveillance vaccination activities is pivotal to help limit impact spread.
From 1 October 2010 to 31 December 2011, Italy experienced high measles burden with 5,568 cases (37.4% laboratory-confirmed) reported the enhanced surveillance system (cumulative incidence in 15-month reference period: 9.2/100,000 population). Adolescents and young adults were especially affected, median age of was 18 years. Most (95.8%) either unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated. Complications for 20.3% cases, including 135 pneumonia, seven encephalitis one case Guillain–Barré syndrome....
Natural products are a rich source of bioactive molecules that have potential pharmacotherapeutic applications. In this study, we focused on Artemisia annua (A. annua) and its enriched extracts which were biologically evaluated in vitro as virucidal, antiviral, antioxidant agents, with application against the COVID-19 infection. The crude extract showed antiviral effects concentrations did not affect cell viability. Scopoletin, arteannuin B artemisinic acid (single fractions isolated from A....
A measles outbreak occurred from November 2015 to April 2016 in two northern Italian regions, affecting the Roma/Sinti ethnic population and nosocomial setting. Overall, 67 cases were reported. Median age of 43 three camps was four years, mainly adults. The caused by a new virus B3.1 variant. Immunisation resources strategies should be directed at groups with gaps vaccine coverage, e.g. healthcare workers.
The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented global emergency. Despite all efforts, remains a threat to public health, due the complexity of mass vaccination programs, lack effective drugs, and emergence new variants. A link has recently been found between risk developing severe infection high level oxidative stress. In this context, we have focused our attention on natural compounds with aim finding molecules capable acting through dual virucidal-antioxidant mechanism. particular,...
Despite the existence of an effective live-attenuated vaccine, measles can appear in vaccinated individuals. We investigated breakthrough cases identified during our surveillance activities within measles/rubella network (MoRoNet) Milan and surrounding areas (Northern Italy). Between 2017 2021, we confirmed virus (genotypes B3 or D8) infections 653 patients 51 these (7.8%) were vaccinees. Among individuals whose serum was available, a secondary failure evidenced 69.4% (25/36) while 11...
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a late complication of measles virus infection that occurs in previously healthy children. This disease has no specific cure and associated with high degree disability mortality. In recent years, there been an increase its incidence relation to reduction vaccination adherence, accentuated by the COVID-19 pandemic. this article, we take stock current evidence on SSPE report our personal clinical experience. We emphasise that, date, only effective...
A large measles outbreak has been ongoing in Milan and surrounding areas. From 1 March to 30 June 2017, 203 cases were laboratory-confirmed (108 sporadic 95 related 47 clusters). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the co-circulation of two different genotypes, D8 B3. Both genotypes caused nosocomial clusters hospitals. The rapid epidemiological phylogenetic data allowed effective surveillance tracking transmission pathways.
BackgroundMeasles is still endemic in Italy and outbreaks are frequent. From 2016 to 2018, more than 7,000 measles cases were reported the national integrated rubella surveillance system, largest outbreak since implementation of this system.AimWe aimed describe characteristics spatiotemporal distribution explore determinants incidence at municipality level.MethodsWe performed a retrospective observational study, mapping by municipalityall system with symptom onset between 1 September 31 July...
Of the 24 known measles genotypes, only D8 and B3 are responsible for outbreaks in last years Europe, Asia, America. In this study H gene of 92 strains circulating between 2015 2019 Lombardy, Northern Italy, 1273 sequences available GenBank were analyzed order to evaluate genetic variability assess conservation immunodominant sites. Overall, Lombardy we observed presence four different three clusters, each one them including derived from viruses found both vaccinated unvaccinated subjects....
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 enters the intestine by spike protein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors in enterocyte apical membranes, leading diarrhea some patients. Early treatment of COVID-19-associated could relieve symptoms and limit viral spread within gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Diosmectite, an aluminomagnesium silicate adsorbent clay with antidiarrheal effects, is recommended COVID-19 management protocols. In rotavirus models, diosmectite prevents pathogenic effects...
Background: The contamination of ambulances with pathogenic agents represents a potential threat for the public health, not only common pathogens but also severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). aim this project was to exploits germicidal effect UVC radiation at 254 nm sanitize patient’s compartment an advanced UltraViolet SANitizing System (UV-SAN) and assess its relevance avoiding spread COVID-19 other drug resistant pathogens. Methods: system is equipped lamps that...
In the WHO European Region, endemic transmission of measles and rubella had been interrupted by 37 42 53 member states (MSs), respectively, 2018. Sixteen MSs are still for measles, 11 nine both diseases, latter including Italy. Elimination is documented each country's National Verification Committee (NVC) through an annual status update (ASU).By analysing data used to produce ASUs, we aimed describe advances made Italy towards elimination rubella. Moreover, propose a set major interventions...
The emergence of the new pathogen SARS-CoV-2 determined a rapid need for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to detect virus in biological fluids as tool identify infected individuals be treated or quarantined. majority commercially available antigenic tests rely on detection N antigen biologic fluid using anti-N antibodies, and their capacity specifically subjects by is questionable due several structural analogies among proteins different coronaviruses. In order produce specific BALB/c mice were...
In 2017, Italy experienced one of the largest outbreaks measles in recent years, with 5404 notified cases and 4347 confirmed cases. A further 2029 were during first 6 months 2018, 1516 them laboratory-confirmed. The B3 D8 genotypes identified as those responsible for outbreak. Possible transmission routes can be established by monitoring circulating virus strains support national health authorities to warn people travellers.
During recent years, various mumps outbreaks have occurred among populations vaccinated for worldwide. In Italy, improving routine coverage with two doses of measles, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is one the key strategies to eliminate measles rubella. To monitor effect vaccination programme on population, surveillance these vaccine-preventable diseases has been implemented. This provided opportunity evaluate accuracy clinical diagnosis those diseases, including mumps. fact, children may develop...
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) appeared for the first time in Western Hemisphere—the French West Indies—in December of 2013. From there, has spread to other Caribbean islands. Following diagnosis autochthonous CHIKV cases island Saint Martin, a large outbreak is ongoing Americas. As September 12, 2014, total 706,093 suspected and 9803 confirmed have been reported This case study highlights possibility false-negative immunochromatographic immunoglobulin M (IgM) tests need confirmatory cases....
Antibodies targeting Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 have been suggested to account for the majority neutralizing activity in COVID-19 convalescent sera and several antibodies (nAbs) isolated, characterized proposed as emergency therapeutics form monoclonal (mAbs). However, variants are rapidly spreading worldwide from sites initial identification. The concern (VOC) B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma) B.1.167.2 (Delta) showed mutations spike protein potentially able...