A5018335496- Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
- Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics
- Photonic and Optical Devices
- Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices
- Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Arsenic contamination and mitigation
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics
- Mercury impact and mitigation studies
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Renal cell carcinoma treatment
- Selenium in Biological Systems
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Mechanical and Optical Resonators
- DNA Repair Mechanisms
- CAR-T cell therapy research
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Economic and Financial Impacts of Cancer
- Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
- Occupational and environmental lung diseases
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
1998-2025
Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer
2022
Triangle
2022
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
2017-2020
University of Virginia
2004-2019
Minnesota Department of Health
2018
National Institutes of Health
1998-2017
University of Notre Dame
2017
Cornell University
2017
Maastricht School of Management
2017
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major contributing factor to hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (Dgat), of which there are two isoforms (Dgat1 and Dgat2), catalyzes the final step triglyceride synthesis. We evaluated metabolic impact pharmacological reduction DGAT1 -2 expression fat using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) rats with diet-induced NAFLD. Dgat1 Dgat2 ASO treatment selectively reduced DGAT2 mRNA levels fat, but only...
Background: Little justification is generally provided for selection of in vitro assay testing concentrations engineered nanomaterials (ENMs). Selection concentration levels hazard evaluation based on real-world exposure scenarios desirable.Objectives: Our goal was to use estimates lung deposition after occupational recommend the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's ToxCast™ program. Here, we provide carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) silver (Ag) nanoparticles...
There has been a conceptual shift in toxicological studies from describing what happens to explaining how the adverse outcome occurs, thereby enabling deeper and improved understanding of biomolecular mechanistic profiling can inform hazard identification improve risk assessment. Compared traditional toxicology methods, which have heavy reliance on animals, new approaches generate data are becoming available for safety assessment chemicals, including high-throughput high-content screening...
BackgroundMetastatic prostate cancer is a clonally heterogeneous disease state characterized by progressive somatic perturbations. The aim of this study was to identify cell free DNA- (cfDNA-) based alterations and their associations with outcomes in metastatic cancer.MethodsIn longitudinal prospective cohort plasma cfDNA/circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analyzed before, during, after androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) 4 independent patient groups ranging from untreated hormone sensitive...
Abstract The key characteristics (KC) of human carcinogens provide a uniform approach to evaluating mechanistic evidence in cancer hazard identification. Refinements the were requested by organizations and individuals applying KCs. We assembled an expert committee with knowledge carcinogenesis experience KCs leveraged this expertise examined literature more clearly describe each KC, identify current emerging assays vivo biomarkers that can be used measure them, make recommendations for...
This paper presents self-calibrated interferometric-intensity-based optical fiber sensors, which combine for the first time interferometry and intensity-based devices into a single sensor system. The involves an extrinsic Fabry-Perot (FP) interferometric cavity. broadband light returned from FP cavity is split two channels in such way that one channel has coherence length much longer than doubled air-gap separation so generates effective interference, while other short no interference takes...
Abstract Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 IDH2) are key metabolic enzymes that mutated in a variety of cancers to confer gain-of-function activity resulting the accumulation an oncometabolite, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Accumulation 2-HG can result epigenetic dysregulation block cellular differentiation, suggesting these mutations play role neoplasia. Based on its potential as cancer target, number small molecule inhibitors have been developed specifically inhibit mutant forms IDH...
Research on development of optical gas sensors based evanescent-wave absorption in random-hole fibers is described. A process to produce was recently developed that uses a novel situ bubble formation technique. Gas molecules exhibit characteristic vibrational lines the near-IR region correspond transmission window for silica fiber have been detected through evanescent field guided mode pore region. The presence holes appears as loss at wavelengths are particular species present holes. An...
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) metabolize reactive aldehydes and possess important physiological toxicological functions in areas such as CNS, metabolic disorders, cancers. Increased ALDH (e.g., ALDH1A1) gene expression catalytic activity are vital biomarkers a number of malignancies cancer stem cells, highlighting the need for identification development small molecule inhibitors. A new series theophylline-based analogs potent ALDH1A1 inhibitors is described. The optimization hits...
Abstract The National Toxicology Program strives to raise awareness of cancer hazards in our environment. Identifying is key primary prevention, informing public health decision making, and decreasing the global burden. In December 2021, US congressionally mandated 15th Report on Carcinogens was released, adding 8 new substances cumulative report. Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori listed as “known be a human carcinogen.” Antimony trioxide 6 haloacetic acids found water disinfection...
The 10 key characteristics (KCs) of carcinogens form the basis a framework to identify, organize, and evaluate mechanistic evidence relevant carcinogenic hazard identification. KCs are related mechanisms by which cause cancer. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Monographs programme has successfully applied evaluation different types exposures, including chemicals, metals, complex such as environmental, occupational, or dietary exposures. use this significantly enhanced...
Irreversible growth arrest is an early and integral part of squamous cell differentiation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) assumed to be linked the control expression differentiation-specific genes. In this study, we examine link between molecular events associated with NHEKs that have been induced undergo by suspension culture contain populations both G1 G2/M cycle. The irreversible state characterized accumulation hypophosphorylated forms Rb p130, subsequent down-regulation...
A species-specific biosensor is presented based on the combined use of a reflection mode long period fibre grating with nanoscale self-assembly. Self-assembled polyelectrolyte layers and immobilisation immunoglobulin G (IgG) were used for sensor fabrication. The sensor's fringe position shift induced by specific antigen-antibody binding has been observed, non-specific was minimised block. results show feasibility various bio/chemical applications.
With growing calls for changes in the field of risk assessment, improved systematic approaches addressing environmental issues with greater transparency and stakeholder engagement are needed to ensure sustainable trade-offs. Here we describe comprehensive assessment (CEA) approach as a holistic way manage complex information structure input from diverse perspectives support decision-making near- long-term. We further note how CEA builds upon incorporates other available tools approaches, its...
Evaluating carcinogenic mechanisms is a challenging part of hazard identification, as mechanistic data are both voluminous and diverse. An evaluation approach based on 10 key characteristics human carcinogens provides holistic unbiased way to tackle this challenge.
An optical fiber pressure sensor based on the photoelastic effect using a novel compensation technique is described. Two sources and polarization-splitting prism are incorporated into system to minimize output drifts. The four major factors-the source power, loss, coupling modal power distribution in fibers-are well compensated. measurement range of 0-147 kPa has been obtained with accuracies 0.2% within temperature -10 degrees C 42 resolution 10 Pa achieved. Compensation for loss observed...
The macrocyclic urea 2, a byproduct in the synthesis of benzoxaborole 1, was identified to be novel and potent HCV protease inhibitor. We further explored this motif by synthesizing additional urea-based inhibitors characterizing them replicase protease-resistant mutants assay. Several compounds, exemplified 12, were found more replicon assays than leading second generation such as danoprevir TMC-435350. Additionally, following oral administration, inhibitor 12 rat liver significantly higher...