A5069182541- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- Healthcare cost, quality, practices
- Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis
- Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Statistical Methods and Inference
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Social Media in Health Education
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Johns Hopkins University
2011-2022
Novel (United States)
2021
United States Agency for International Development
2011
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2011
University of London
2011
Aurum Institute
2011
To investigate the impact of HAART-induced HIV suppression on levels 24 serological biomarkers inflammation and immune activation.A prospective cohort study.Biomarkers were measured with multiplex assays in centralized laboratories using stored serum samples contributed by 1697 men during 8903 person-visits Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) from 1984 to 2009. Using generalized gamma models, we compared biomarker values across three groups, adjusting for possible confounders:...
Parametric and semiparametric competing risks methods were used to estimate proportions, timing, predictors of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related non-AIDS-related mortality among individuals both positive negative for the human immunodeficiency (HIV) in Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) Women's Interagency HIV (WIHS) from 1984 2008 1996 2008, respectively. Among HIV-positive MACS participants, proportion deaths unrelated increased 6% before introduction highly active...
Fighting SARS-CoV-2 requires a clear framework for understanding epidemic spread
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected individuals exhibit residual inflammation regardless of virologic suppression. We evaluated whether suboptimal adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is associated with greater than optimal adherence, despite Longitudinal self-reported cART data and serum concentrations 24 biomarkers immune activation were measured at the same study visit in HIV RNA–suppressed (<50 copies/mL) HIV-infected men Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study from 1998...
To compare the proportion, timing and hazards of non-AIDS death AIDS among men women who initiated HAART at different CD4 cell counts to mortality risks HIV-uninfected persons with similar risk factors. Prospective cohort studies. We used parametric mixture models proportions ages death, multivariable Cox cause-specific mortality, across levels count initiation (≤200 cells/μl: 'late', 201-350 'intermediate', >350 'early') individuals from Multicenter Cohort Study Women's Interagency HIV...
Background. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–induced inflammation and immune activation persist after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) HIV suppression may contribute to mortality risks that exceed those in HIV-uninfected populations, though associations are unclear. Methods. In the prospective Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, comprising men who have sex with from Baltimore, Chicago, Los Angeles, Pittsburgh, concentrations 24 biomarkers were measured stored serum...
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) are among the leading causes of death women reproductive age worldwide. TB is a significant cause maternal morbidity. Detection during pregnancy could provide substantial benefits to their children.This was cross-sectional implementation research study integrating active case-finding into existing antenatal prevention mother-to-child transmission services in six clinics Soweto, South Africa. All pregnant 18 years or older presenting...
Both aging and treated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected populations exhibit low-level chronic immune activation of unknown etiology, which correlates with morbidity mortality. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common in both populations, but its relation to unknown.T cells from men who have sex (22 virologically suppressed HIV+, 20 HIV-) were stimulated peptides spanning 19 CMV open reading frames, intracellular cytokine responses assessed. Soluble cellular inflammatory markers...
Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the 3I's are strategies to prevent HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB). We describe factors associated with undiagnosed TB among HIV-infected patients attending an HIV clinic in South Africa discuss implications for 3 Is.Convenience sample attendees.HIV-infected participants were assessed using a symptom screen, sputum-smear microscopy, sputum blood mycobacterial culture, fine needle aspiration enlarged lymph nodes, chest radiography.Four hundred...
The objective of this study was to compare the costs and outcomes associated with guardian-supervised directly observed treatment relative standard care Directly Observed Therapy, Short Course (DOTS) provided by community health workers (CHW). New cases culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) treated in Vitória, Espírito Santo State, Brazil, between January 2005 December 2006 were interviewed chose their preferred strategy. Costs incurred providers patients (and patients' families)...
To assess the diagnostic accuracy of urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) test among ambulatory HIV-infected persons.Cross-sectional.HIV-infected persons consecutively presenting to HIV Clinic at Tembisa Main in Ekhuruleni, South Africa, were screened for symptoms tuberculosis (TB) and asked provide sputum blood samples smears acid-fast bacilli mycobacterial culture a specimen LAM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fine needle aspirates obtained from participants with enlarged lymph nodes sent...
The objective of this study was to investigate whether 100% antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in men with HIV (MWH) is associated normalization concentrations biomarkers inflammation and immune activation compared HIV-uninfected men.We analyzed person-visits available biomarker data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) among MWH receiving ART RNA <50 copies/mL men. Self-reported classified as if no missed doses past 4 days were reported. We evaluated associations between 24...
Chronic inflammation contributes to aging and organ dysfunction in the general population, is a particularly important determinant of morbidity mortality among people with HIV (PWH). The effect cannabis use on chronic not well understood PWH, who more frequently than population.
Introduction Lymphoid tissue fibrosis may contribute to incomplete immune reconstitution on antiretroviral therapy (ART) via local CD4+ T lymphocyte (CD4) depletion. Hyaluronic acid (HA) increases with fibrotic burden. CXCL4 concentrations increase in response pro-fibrotic stimuli, but lower HIV-infected individuals reflect successful evasion by HIV. We investigated relationships between circulating HA and ART Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study participants. Methods men for >1 year cryopreserved...
Non-pharmaceutical interventions have been widely employed to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Their associated effect on SARS-CoV-2 transmission however unequally studied across regions. Few studies focused Gulf states despite their potential role for global pandemic spread, in particular Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through religious pilgrimages. We study association between NPIs and during first wave March October 2020. infer associations introduction lifting a spatial SEIR-type model that...
Abstract Background C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory biomarker associated with all-cause mortality and morbidities such as cardiovascular disease. CRP increased HIV infection thought to increase age, though trajectories of aging have not been well characterized. We investigated in men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, according viral load status. Methods measurements 12 250 serum samples, provided by 2132 over a span 30 years, were categorized status at sample collection:...
veterans (10). This result may be partially explained by adjustment for health care utilization and medication adherence, which would block 2 of the more prominent theoretical causal pathways in relation. Omission undiagnosed therefore untreated depression have also resulted attenuated effect estimates, an issue avoided Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Women’s Interagency HIV using routinely collected Center Epidemiologic Studies Depression scores. However, results do indeed suggest that...
The public health crisis created by the COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a deluge of scientific research aimed at informing and medical response to pandemic. However, early in pandemic, those working frontline clinical care had insufficient time parse rapidly evolving evidence use it for decision-making. Academics medicine were well-placed translate clinicians practitioners. Novel Coronavirus Research Compendium (NCRC), group >60 faculty trainees across United States, formed March 2020 with...
Abstract The public health crisis created by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has spurred a deluge of scientific research aimed at informing and medical response to COVID-19 pandemic. However, those working in frontline clinical care had insufficient time parse rapidly evolving evidence use it for decision making. Academics medicine were well-placed translate clinicians practitioners. Novel Coronavirus Research Compendium (NCRC), group >50 faculty trainees, began March 2020 with goal quickly...