While graphene and its derivatives have been suggested as a potential nanomedicine in several biomimetic models, their specific roles immunological disorders still remain elusive. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) may be suitable for treating intestinal bowel diseases (IBDs) because of low toxicity vivo ease clearance. Here, GQDs are intraperitoneally injected to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced chronic acute colitis model, efficacy has confirmed. In particular, effectively prevent tissue...

Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD), and the accumulation of damaged mitochondria has been reported as an initial symptom that further contributes to progression. In amyloidogenic pathway, amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaved by β-secretase generate a C-terminal fragment, which then γ-secretase produce amyloid-beta (Aβ). The Aβ its detrimental effect on mitochondrial function are well known, yet protein-derived fragments (APP-CTFs) contributing...

Abstract With the rapidly growing demand for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy, numerous strategies using MSCs different diseases have been studied and reported. Because of their immunosuppressive properties, are commonly used as an allogeneic treatment. However, many donors who could potentially be used, it is important to understand capacity therapeutic usage with donor-to-donor heterogeneity. In this study, we aimed investigate a promising strategy critical limb ischemia. We evaluated...

Brain organoids have the potential to improve our understanding of brain development and neurological disease. Despite importance organoids, effect vascularization on is largely unknown. The objective this study develop vascularized by assembling vascular spheroids with cerebral organoids.In study, were generated from non-adherent microwell culture system human umbilical vein endothelial cells, dermal fibroblasts cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells. These used for fusion iPSCs induced...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the progressive neurodegenerative diseases characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) production and Phosphorylated-Tau (p-Tau) protein in cerebral cortex. The precise mechanisms cause, responsible for pathology progression, are not well understood because there multiple risk factors associated with disease. Viral infection AD, we demonstrated that Zika virus (ZIKV) brain organoids could trigger AD pathological features, including Aβ p-Tau expression. AD-related...

A correlation between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been proposed recently. Although the number of case reports on neuroinflammation in patients increased, studies SARS-CoV-2 neurotrophic pathology using brain organoids have restricted recapitulation those phenotypes due to insufficiency immune cells absence vasculature. Cerebral pericytes endothelial cells, major components blood-brain barrier, express viral entry receptors for response systemic inflammation including direct...

Botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) is the most potent protein toxin and causes fatal flaccid muscle paralysis by blocking neurotransmission. Application of BoNT/A has been extended to fields therapeutics biodefense. Nevertheless, global response host immune cells authentic not reported. Employing microarray analysis, we performed transcriptional profiling RAW264.7 cells, a murine alveolar macrophage cell line. We identified 70 genes that were modulated following 1 nM treatment. The altered...

Although human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) hold considerable promise as an alternative therapeutic reagent for allergic disorders including atopic dermatitis (AD), the strategy enhancing hMSC-based therapy remains challenging.We sought to investigate whether preconditioning with mast cell (MC) granules could enhance efficiency of umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) against AD.Methods: AD was experimentally induced in NC/Nga mice by repeated applications 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate...

In vitro platforms for studying the human brain have been developed, and organoids derived from stem cells studied. However, current organoid models lack three-dimensional (3D) vascular networks, limiting proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis. this study, we created a 3D model of vascularized spheroid using an injection-molded microfluidic chip. We cocultured spheroids induced neural (iNSCs) with perfusable blood vessels. Gene expression analysis immunostaining revealed that network...

While the neuropathological characteristics of Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) result in a fatal diagnosis, development clinically available therapeutic agent remains challenge. Here we propose graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as potential candidate for impaired functions NPC vivo. In addition to previous findings that GQDs exhibit negligible long-term toxicity and are capable penetrating blood-brain barrier, GQD treatment reduces aggregation cholesterol lysosome through expressed physical...

The development of a scalable and highly reproducible in vitro tumor microenvironment (TME) platform still sheds light on new insights into cancer metastasis mechanisms anticancer therapeutic strategies. Here, we present an all-in-one injection molded plastic array three-dimensional culture (All-in-One-IMPACT) that integrates vascularized spheroids for reproducible, high-throughput experimentation. This device allows the formation self-assembled cell chip by applying hanging drop method to...

Recent studies on developing three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids from stem cells have allowed the generation of in vitro models neural disease and enabled screening drugs because these mimic complexity tissue. Niemann-Pick disease, type C (NPC) is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations NPC1 or NPC2. The pathological features underlying NPC are characterized abnormal accumulation cholesterol acidic compartments, including late endosomes lysosomes. Due to...

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that characterized by loss of motor neurons and degeneration neuromuscular junctions. To improve progression, previous studies have suggested many options shown beneficial effects in diseases, especially stem cell therapy. In this study, we used repeated intramuscular transplantation human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal cells (hUCB-MSCs) observed positive on muscle atrophy oxidative stress. an vivo...

Human adult stem cells, including umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal cells (hUCB-MSCs), have recently been considered a promising alternative treatment for inflammatory bowel disease due to their unique immunomodulatory properties and ability promote tissue regeneration. However, despite many years of research pre-clinical studies, results from clinical trials using these diverse conflicting. This discrepancy is caused by several factors such as poor engraftment, low survival rate...

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are evolutionarily conserved regulators of gene expression that contribute to normal lymphocyte development, and involved in malignant transformation these cells. Recently, BMI1 EZH2 have been shown be lymphomagenesis oncogenesis. We tried elucidate the role as a prognostic factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). High-level (EZH2 ≥ 70%) was associated with superior overall survival (OS) 85.8% compared low < 70%), OS 44.5% (p = 0.005). Subgroup analysis...

We previously demonstrated that the direct transplantation of human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCB-MSCs) into dentate gyrus ameliorated neurological symptoms Niemann–Pick type C1 (NPC1)-mutant mice. However, clinical presentation NPC1-mutant mice was not fully understood with a molecular mechanism. Here, we found 14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-EET), cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolite, from hUCB-MSCs and cerebella investigated functional consequence this...

Vibrio vulnificus is thought to employ a quorum-sensing system control the expression of global gene. In this study, proteomes and transcriptomes lacZ null mutant, VvSRΔZ, luxS–smcR double VvSRΔZSR, were compared with parent strain, VvAR, by means two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) differentially displayed reverse transcriptase PCR (DDRT-PCR). 2D-PAGE analysis showed that 36 protein spots expressed, 14 which have been identified peptide-mass fingerprinting. The eight cellular...

Abstract Background Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by Anaplasma phagocytophilum . To date, there have been no reported cases of A. infection found in both the biting tick and patient following bite. Case presentation An 81-year-old woman presented with fever bite, still intact on her body. The was diagnosed HGA. identified as Ixodes nipponensis morphological molecular biological detection methods targeting 16S rRNA gene. patient’s blood...

Abstract As modeling of atherosclerosis requires recapitulating complex interactions with vasculature and immune cells, previous in vitro models have limitations due to their insufficient 3D vascular structures. However, induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived blood vessel organoids (BVOs) are applicable for diseases, containing multiple cell types, including endothelial smooth muscle cells self‐assembled into a structure. Atherosclerotic BVOs microenvironment associated atherogenesis, such as...

Five outbreaks of botulism in waterbirds were encountered over a 5-yr period from 2004 to 2008 Korea. In October 2008, an outbreak avian type C affected approximately 2,000 wild the Namdong flood control basin, Incheon, South Ecologic conditions, clinical signs exhibited by moribund birds, and lack gross pathology microbial evidence infectious disease, suggested botulinum intoxication. Type toxin was demonstrated duck sera, liquid culture intestinal tissue, extract maggots taken carcasses....

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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to be a major economic problem for swine industries worldwide despite several disease-reduction strategies such as age-segregated early weaning all-in-all-out pig movement. Routine diagnosis of PRRSV is carried out by the combined use an antibody-detecting enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunofluorescence, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, isolation. These assays require specialized laboratory...

Real time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was used to quantify the expression of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT/A) gene (cntA) by normalization with 16S rRNA. The method were confirmed monitoring mRNA levels cntA during growth in five strains. In all but one strains maximal late exponential phase, and approximately 35-fold greater than early phase. concentration extracellular BoNT/A complex detected ELISA highest stationary Sodium nitrite sorbic acid completely inhibited at 20 ppm 4 mg...