ABSTRACT Since the early 20th century, concept of doping was first introduced. To achieve better athletic performance, chemical substances were used. By mid‐20th it became gradually recognized that illegal use can seriously endangered athletes' health and compromised fairness sports competitions. Over past 30 years, World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) has established corresponding rules regulations to prohibit athletes from using or restrict certain drugs, isotope, chromatography, mass...

Background: Sepsis, as a clinically critical disease, usually induces coagulation disorders. It has been reported that ERBB2 Interacting Protein (Erbin) is involved in the development of various inflammatory diseases, and macrophages are regulation disorders sepsis. However, role Erbin sepsis relationship between macrophage function still unclear. Methods: At cellular level, were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or MEK inhibitor (PD98059), protein expression levels detected by Western...

Abstract This study aims to investigate the changes of cytokines and effect programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway on T cell function in patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Totally, 40 untreated ITP were recruited 30 healthy people as control. Then whole blood control was collected, respectively. The sPD-L1/anti-PD-1 used activate or block (PD-1)/PD-L1 pathway. expression PD-1 PD-L1 peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) detected by flow cytometry. PBMCs treated...

Lactic acid (LA) is a sensitive indicator of exercise intensity and duration. A single bout prolonged intensive can cause transient immunosuppression through the interaction cellular, humoral, hormone factors. Exercise-induced influences on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release have been reported, but underlying mechanism unknown. This study investigated NETs release, cell-free DNA (cf-DNA), LA concentration in mice after 60 145 min intensive, graded treadmill running. The cf-DNA...

Exercise induces blood flow redistribution among tissues, leading to splanchnic hypoperfusion. Intestinal epithelial cells are positioned between the anaerobic lumen and highly metabolic lamina propria with an oxygen gradient. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is pivotal in transcriptional response flux. In this study, pimonidazole hydrochloride staining was applied observe tissue hypoxia different organs, which might be affected by redistribution. The HIF-1α luciferase reporter ROSA26...

Onjisaponin B (OB) is the main active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicinal herb polygala, which effective against neurodegenerative disorders. However, target OB currently unknown. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are both risk factors for pathogenesis progression Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we used a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced subacute mouse model PD to explore efficacy neuroprotective mechanism in PD. Immunohistochemistry was mark...

Depression is one of the foremost psychological illness, and exact mechanism unclear. Recent studies have reported that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) signaling pathway involved in progression depression. In present study, we extracted crocin from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, to evaluate its antidepressant effect clarify underlying mechanism. Here, established a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model assess whether...

Abstract Background Cognitive frailty (CF) is currently a significant issue, and most of the associated factors discovered in current studies are not modifiable. Therefore, it crucial to identify modifiable risk that can be targeted for interventions patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). This study aimed investigate prevalence CF CHF China. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we sequentially enrolled diagnosed CHF. served as dependent variable, assessed through Montreal Assessment...

Exercise plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of chronic liver disease associated metabolic disorders. A single bout exercise induces tissue blood flow redistribution, which decreases splanchnic circulation leads to physiologic hypoxia gastrointestinal system liver. The transcription factor, inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), its regulator, prolylhydroxylase 2 (PHD2), play pivotal roles response oxygen flux by regulating downstream gene expression levels We hypothesized that...

Background: Sepsis, as a clinically critical disease, usually induces coagulation disorders. It has been reported that ERBB2 Interacting Protein (Erbin) is involved in the development of various inflammatory diseases, and macrophages are regulation disorders sepsis. However, role Erbin sepsis relationship between macrophage function still unclear.Methods: At cellular level, were treated with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or MEK inhibitor (PD98059), protein expression levels detected by Western...

Abstract The synthesis of substituted 3‐oxo‐pyrimido[1,2‐ b ]indazoles from 3‐aminoindazoles and ketones has been established. It involves one molecule two molecules via a [3+2+1] three‐component annulation process. 3‐Oxo‐pyrimido[1,2‐b]indazoles exhibit strong yellow fluorescence in various solvents. A wide range products have anti‐oxidant activities. Cytotoxicity studies indicate that compounds 3 , aa ab obvious effects on both HCT116 A549 cancer cell lines.

Objective: The present study was represented by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), to explore the role of thyroid hormones (THs) disruption in connection placenta and neurodevelopmental toxicity. Methods: During fetal mice neural tube closed (pregnancy 9.5 days, E9.5d) begin synthesis THs (E15.5 d), all pregnant were administered with different concentration DEHP (0、10、50、200 mg/kg) gavage once a day(10 per group). All conducted BrdU administration E14d subcutaneous injection. Seven from...

Moderate exercise increases the energy demand, maintaining hepatic metabolic homeostasis, and promoting recovery of cholestasis chronic liver disease in both human rodents. Exercise induces tissue blood flow redistribution by which is decreased splanchnic circulation. The hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) its prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) are pivotal transcriptional response to oxygen flux. Therefore, we hypothesize that PHD2/HIF‐1α signaling pathway engaged moderate intervention a mouse model...

Intestinal epithelial cells are positioned between an anaerobic lumen and a highly metabolic lamina propria, affected by reduced blood flow tissue hypoxia. Heavy exercise induces redistribution which the is decreased in splanchnic circulation. The significantly reduces to gut, leading hypoperfusion GI compromise. hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) 1α pivotal transcriptional response oxygen flux. Therefore, we hypothesize that HIF‐1α plays important role heavy induced intestinal barrier...

PURPOSE: Exercise decreases tissue blood flow in the gastrointestinal (GI) system. The hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and its regulator, prolyl hydroxylases 2 (PHD2), are pivotal transcriptional responses to oxygen flux. Strenuous exercise induces immunosuppression may lead intestinal barrier dysfunction. Therefore, we hypothesized that PHD2/HIF-1α axis is involved function after strenuous swimming. METHODS: Four mouse models were used this study (male, 8-week, n=6/group). (1) ROSA26...

Objective Exercise induces tissue blood flow redistribution, which decreases splanchnic circulation and leads to physiologic hypoxia in the gastrointestinal (GI) system liver. We hypothesized that oxygen redistribution internal organs is affected by exercise.
 Methods Twenty–four female 8-10wk ROSA26 ODD-Luc/+ mice (n= 6 per group) were used this study. Three exercise models conducted: (1) Moderate (ME): voluntarily swam for 30 min. (2) Heavy-intensity (HE): 1.5 hours with 5% body...

Objective Intestinal epithelial cells are positioned between an anaerobic lumen and a highly metabolic lamina propria, affected by reduced blood flow tissue hypoxia. Exercise induces redistribution, leading to hypoperfusion gastrointestinal (GI) compromise. The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α is pivotal in the transcriptional response oxygen flux. In this study, we hypothesized that exercise GI system hypoxia accumulates HIF-1α.
 Methods (1) ROSA26 ODD-Luc/+ mouse model (ODD-Luc) was...

Hepatic hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) is a mediator of chronic liver diseases including alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty disease in mice. Our previous study has shown that HIF‐1α signaling pathway engaged exercise‐induced protection against cholestasis. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol the further metabolized by gut microbiota. High‐fat diet (HFD) feeding causes intestinal hyperpermeability microbial dysbiosis. Therefore, we hypothesized hepatic bile acid metabolism innate...