Although aflatoxins (AFs) have been shown to be immune-suppressive agents in animals, the potential role of AFs modifying distribution and function leukocyte subsets humans has never assessed. We examined cellular immune status 64 Ghanaians relation levels aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)–albumin adducts plasma. The percentages immunophenotypes peripheral blood, CD4+ T cell proliferative response, Th CD8+ cytokine profiles monocyte phagocytic activity were measured using flow cytometry. NK cytotoxic was...

Summary Objective To investigate the association between birth outcomes and blood levels of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB1)‐lysine adduct in pregnant women Kumasi, Ghana. Method A cross‐sectional study 785 attending antenatal clinic was conducted. Aflatoxin (AFB )‐lysine were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on taken after delivery. The considered small for gestation age, low birthweight, preterm delivery stillbirth. Participants divided into quartiles based distribution...

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer therapy; however, their application is limited by the occurrence of immune-related adverse events. The gut microbiota plays important roles in response to and toxicity immunotherapy Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) has been shown possess immunomodulatory potential. Here, we found that patients receiving ICIs who developed colitis had a lower abundance F. prausnitzii. In vivo, immunocompetent mice administered...

Both aflatoxin and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cause immune suppression millions of HIV-infected people in developing countries are chronically exposed to their diets. We investigated possible interaction HIV on by comparing parameters 116 positive 80 aged-matched negative Ghanaians with high (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo></mml:math>0.91 pmol/mg albumin) low...

Both malaria and intestinal helminths are endemic in sub-Saharan Africa, their co-infection occurs commonly. This cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence of helminth a sample &gt; 700 pregnant women Ghana identified risk factors for co-infection. The infection, infection(s), was 36.3%, 25.7%, 16.6%, respectively. Women with infection(s) were 4.8 times more likely to have infection. Young age, low income, being single, primigravid each associated increased odds These associations...

In sub-Saharan Africa, approximately 30 million pregnant women are at risk of contracting malaria annually. Nearly 36% healthy receiving routine antenatal care tested positive for Plasmodium falciparum HRP-II antigen in Ghana. We the hypothesis that asymptomatic HRP II expressed a unique Th1 and Th2 phenotype differs from controls. Plasma (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>15</mml:mn></mml:math>)...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition with significant morbidity and mortality that affects 15% of adults in the United States. One cause CKD acute injury (AKI), which commonly occurs secondary to sepsis, ischemic events, drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Unilateral ischemia-reperfusion (UIRI) without contralateral nephrectomy (CLN) repeated low-dose cisplatin (RLDC) models AKI demonstrate responses characteristic transition; however, previous studies have not effectively compared...

Abstract FcγRIIB1 molecules serve as negative feedback regulator for B cell Ag receptor-elicited activation of cells; thus, any impaired function may possibly be related to aberrant activation. We earlier found deletion polymorphism in the Fcgr2b promoter region among mouse strains which systemic autoimmune disease-prone NZB, BXSB, MRL, and diabetes-prone nonobese diabetic, but not NZW, BALB/c, C57BL/6 mice have two identical sites, consisting 13 3 nucleotides. In this study, we established...

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multigenic disease associated with IgG hypergammaglobulinemia, anti-nuclear antibodies and immune complex (IC)-type glomerulonephritis. In both human murine SLE, one susceptibility allele has been mapped to the interval linked Fc receptor II (FcγRII) gene on chromosome 1. spontaneous SLE models of NZB (NZB × NZW) F1 mice, expression FcγRIIB1, which acts as negative regulator for B cells, was abnormally down-regulated in follicular germinal center cells...

Near-surface wind data are particularly important for Hainan Island and the South China Sea, there is a wide range of sources. A detailed understanding reliability these datasets can help us to carry out related research. In this study, hourly near-surface from High-Resolution Meteorological Administration (CMA) Land Data Assimilation System (HRCLDAS) fifth-generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) were evaluated by comparison with ground automatic meteorological observation Sea. The...

Constitutive activation of the transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducer and activator 3) contributes to malignancy many cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with poor prognosis. activity increased by reversible palmitoylation Cys 108 palmitoyltransferase DHHC7 (encoded ZDHHC7 ). Here, we investigated consequences S-palmitoylation in HCC. Increased abundance HCC cases was prognosis, revealed bioinformatics analysis patient data. In HepG2 cells vitro,...

Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites that contaminate staple food crops in many developing countries. Up to 40% of women attending a prenatal clinic Africa may be anemic. In cross-sectional study 755 pregnant women, Aflatoxin B(1)-lysine adducts (AF-ALB) levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Participants divided into quartiles "low," "moderate," "high," and "very high." Anemia was defined as hemoglobin < 11 g/dL. Logistic regression used examine the association...

Background Micronutrient deficiencies occur commonly in people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Since aflatoxin exposure also results reduced levels of several micronutrients, HIV and may work synergistically to increase micronutrient deficiencies. However, there has been no report on association between HIV‐infected people. We measured B 1 albumin (AF‐ALB) adduct vitamins A E concentrations plasma HIV‐positive HIV‐negative Ghanaians examined status, hepatitis virus (HBV)...

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Plasmodium falciparum and intestinal helminth coinfection on maternal anemia birth outcomes. A cross-sectional 746 women who delivered in two hospitals Kumasi conducted. Data were collected using an investigator-administered questionnaire from patients' medical records. Blood for determination P. hemoglobin levels. Adverse pregnancy outcomes high (44.6%). Coinfection (versus no infection) associated with 3-fold increase low weight. For...

Objective . The objective of the study was to assess Plasmodium/intestinal helminth infection in pregnancy and other risk factors for stillbirth Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional women presenting delivery two hospitals conducted during November-December 2006. Data collected included sociodemographic information, medical obstetric histories, anthropometric measures. Laboratory investigations presence Plasmodium falciparum intestinal helminths, tests hemoglobin levels were also performed....

Abstract Mott cells, a pathologic state of plasma cells containing intracellular inclusions Igs (Russell bodies), are frequent in lymphoid tissues murine and human autoimmune diseases. However, neither the genesis nor significance diseases is well understood. We found that B1, but not B2, were induced vitro to form presence LPS or IL-5, other stimulants, much higher frequency New Zealand Black (NZB) NZB x White (NZB/W) F1 than non-autoimmune disease-prone mice notably athymic nude NZB/W...

IgM class hypergammaglobulinemla develops spontaneously in the early life of NZB mice. To determine chromosomal location gene(s) linked to this hypergammaglobulinemia and possible contribution systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)like autoimmune disease observed (NZB ×NZW)F1 hybrid mice, we examined (NZB×NZW)F1×NZW backcross using a mapping technique based on polymorphism simple nucleotide sequence repeats. In light our previous data, directed attention chromosome 4. A single locus or tightly...

A novel actinomycete, designated strain YIM 46034T, was isolated from an evergreen broadleaved forest at Menghai, in southern Yunnan Province, China. Phenotypic characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the belonged to family Micromonosporaceae. Strain 46034T showed more than 3 % divergence recognized species of genera Characteristic features were production two types spores, namely motile which formed sporangia produced on substrate mycelia, single globose observed...

We examined the association between certain clinical factors and aflatoxin B(1)-albumin adduct (AF-ALB) levels in HIV-positive people. Plasma samples collected from 314 (155 159 HIV-negative) people were tested for AF-ALB levels, viral load, CD4+ T-cell count, liver function profile, malaria parasitaemia, hepatitis B C virus infections. participants divided into high low groups based on their median of 0.93 pmol mg(-1) albumin multivariable logistic linear regression methods used to assess...

Arachidonate lipoxygenases (ALOX) have been implicated in playing a critical role tumorigenesis, development, and metastasis. We previously reported that ALOX12 is involved breast cancer chemoresistance. In this study, we demonstrate the ALOX5 activation correlates with HER2 expression mediates growth migration. found activity were upregulated patients, particularly those tissues HER2-positive. upregulation was also observed HER2-positive cells. contrast, inhibition led to decreased of but...

Gilvocarcin-type polyketide glycosides represent some of the most powerful antitumor therapeutics. Bioactivity-guided fractionation a culture extract Streptomyces polyformus sp. nov. (YIM 33176) yielded known gilvocarcin V (2) and novel related compound, polycarcin (1). Structure elucidation by NMR chemical derivatization revealed that congener (1) features C-glycosidically linked alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl moiety in lieu D-fucofuranose. The concomitant production two distinct furanosyl...