Noninvasive monitoring of stem cells, using high-resolution molecular imaging, will be instrumental to improve clinical neural transplantation strategies. We show that labeling human central nervous system cells grown as neurospheres with magnetic nanoparticles does not adversely affect survival, migration, and differentiation or alter neuronal electrophysiological characteristics. Using MRI, we transplanted either the neonatal, adult, injured rodent brain respond cues characteristic for...

Potentiation of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release is one mechanism by which antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL Abs) effect thrombotic events in patients with syndrome (APS). Surface adenosine receptors trigger cyclic AMP (cAMP) formation neutrophils, and this has been proposed to regulate NETosis some contexts. Here we report that selective agonism the A2A receptor (CGS21680) suppresses aPL Ab-mediated protein kinase A-dependent fashion. CGS21680 also reduces thrombosis inferior vena...

Allometric scaling laws relate structure or function between species of vastly different sizes. They have rarely been derived for hemodynamic parameters known to affect the cardiovascular system, e.g., wall shear stress (WSS). This work describes noninvasive methods quantify and determine a law WSS. Geometry blood flow velocities in infrarenal aorta mice rats under isoflurane anesthesia were quantified using two-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography phase-contrast imaging at 4.7 tesla....

The mechanical and imaging properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can be adjusted to meet the needs researchers as a tissue-mimicking material. For instance, hardness by changing ratio softener PVC polymer, mineral oil added for lubrication in needle insertion, glass beads scatter acoustic energy similar biological tissue. Through this research, authors sought develop regression model design formulations with targeted multimodal medical properties.The experiment was conducted varying three...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 2nd leading cause of cancer-related deaths every year globally. The most common form treatment, hepatic arterial infusion (HAI), involves direct injection doxorubicin (DOX) into artery. It plagued with limited therapeutic efficacy and occurrence severe toxicities (e.g. cardiotoxicity). We aim to improve index DOX delivered via HAI by loading drug onto generation 5 (G5) poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers targeted cancer cells N-acetylgalactosamine...

This is the first longitudinal study investigating effects of histotripsy on local tumor progression in an vivo orthotopic, immunocompetent rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model.Histotripsy noninvasive, nonionizing, nonthermal, mechanical ablation technique using ultrasound to generate acoustic cavitation liquefy target tissue into acellular debris with millimeter accuracy. Previously, has demonstrated noncancerous liver tissue.N1-S1 HCC tumors were generated livers rats (n = 6, control;...

To determine whether variations in aortic wall motion exist mammalian species other than humans and to consider the potential implications of such variations.M-mode ultrasound was used measure abdominal 4 animal [mice (n=10), rats (n=8), rabbits (n=7), pigs (n=5)], (n=6). Anterior displacement, posterior diastolic diameter were measured. The ratio displacement cyclic strain calculated.Body mass varied from 24.1+/-2.4 g (mouse) 61.8+/-13.4 kg (human); 0.53+/-0.07 mm 1.2+/-1 (human). 2.5 4.0...

Histotripsy fractionates tissue through a mechanical, non-invasive ultrasonic ablation process that precisely controls acoustic cavitation while utilizing real-time ultrasound (US) imaging guidance. This study investigates the potential, feasibility and tumor volume reduction effects of histotripsy for liver cancer in subcutaneous vivo murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) model. Hep3B tumors were generated right flanks 14 NSG 7 NOD-SCID mice. The mice grouped as follows: A (acute, with n=9...

This article derives and implements a computational physics model for model-based image reconstruction in magnetic particle imaging (MPI) applications. To our knowledge, this is the first ever computationally tractable MPI, which neither constructed from calibration or simulation experiments limited to specific scan acquisition geometries. The derived results system series of fast linear transforms, each incorporate individual components paramagnetic model. These include field free point...

Imaging of the glial activation that occurs in response to central nervous system trauma and inflammation could become a powerful technique for assessment several neuropathologies. The selective uptake metabolism 2-(18)F-fluoroacetate ((18)F-FAC) glia may represent an attractive strategy imaging metabolism.We have evaluated use (18)F-FAC as specific PET tracer cell rodent models glioblastoma, stroke, ischemia-hypoxia.Enhanced was observed (6.98 +/- 0.43 percentage injected dose per gram...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a WHO grade IV malignant brain tumor with poor prognosis, despite advances in surgical and adjuvant therapy. GBM characterized by areas of central necrosis high levels angiogenesis, during which increased vascular permeability allows for the extravasation endothelial progenitor cells to support blood vessel growth. The purpose this study was characterize changes permeability, density morphology vivo angiogenesis.An orthotropic murine (GL26) glioblastoma model...

The electrolytic inferior vena cava model (EIM) is a murine venous thrombosis (VT) that produces non-occlusive thrombus. thrombus forms in the direction of blood flow, as observed patients. EIM valuable for investigations therapeutics due to presence continuous flow. However, equipment used induce original description was expensive and has since been discontinued. Further, fibrinolytic system had not previously studied EIM.We aimed provide an alternative. Additionally, we further...

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Many patients are not eligible for curative therapies, such as surgical resection tumor or a liver transplant. Transarterial embolization one therapy clinically used in these cases; however, this requires long procedure and careful placement an intraarterial catheter. Gas has been proposed fast, easily administered, more spatially selective, less invasive alternative. Here, we demonstrate...

To quantify spontaneous and therapeutic arteriogenesis in vivo a murine model of peripheral arterial disease using magnetic resonance angiography.Male, 8-12-week-old, C57/BL6 mice underwent femoral artery ligation; 21 days later, 2 mg/kg recombinant VEGF165, formulated for slow release, was injected into the ipsilateral gastrocnemius. The (following ligation) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) formation collateral vessels quantified 3D angiography on small-bore 4.7T system....

Although widely used as a preclinical model for studying venous diseases, there is scarcity of in vivo characterizations the naïve murine system. Additionally, previous studies on veins (ex vivo) have not included influence surrounding structures and biomechanical forces. Using MRI, we noninvasively quantified cross-sectional area, cyclic strain, circularity system young old, male female C57BL/6 mice. We investigated most common locations to perform disease research: jugular vein, suprarenal...

With the use of a commonly utilized animal model rheumatoid arthritis, central goal this work was to determine how well small-animal imaging tools, MRI (microMRI) and X-ray computed tomography (microCT), can detect very early histological changes that occur immediately after induction disease. Arthritis induced in rats by injecting complete Freund's adjuvant into tail. Right hind paws living were evaluated with 4.7 T microMRI T1-weighted spin echo inversion recovery sequences. Paw specimens...

Abstract Background Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an important cancer diagnostic staging procedure. Conventional SLNB procedures with 99mTc radiotracers and scintigraphy are constrained by tracer half-life and, in some cases, insufficient image resolution. Here, we explore alternative magnetic (nonradioactive) image-guided Purpose To demonstrate that particle imaging (MPI) lymphography can sensitively, specifically, quantitatively identify map sentinel modes (SLNs) murine models...

An inexpensive, accurate focused ultrasound stereotactic targeting method guided by pretreatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images for murine brain models is presented. uncertainty of each sub-component the system was analyzed. The entire calibrated using clot phantoms. accuracy demonstrated with an in vivo mouse glioblastoma (GBM) model. quantified absolute distance difference between prescribed and ablated points visible on pre treatment posttreatment MR images, respectively. A...

To develop magnetic resonace imaging (MRI) methods for functional assessment of arteriogenesis in a murine model peripheral artery disease to quantify the influences vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), age, and atherosclerosis.Reactive hyperemia (RH), which was induced using device designed remote transient occlusion aorta vena cava, measured by blood-oxygen-level-dependent MRI. Twenty-eight days after femoral ligation, peak height (PH) time (TTP) RH response compared with...

After a decade of research on immunological approaches to treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), much has been learned about selection criteria for antibodies targeting β-amyloid (Abeta). Here we describe the preclinical properties an anti-Abeta MAb, MABT5102A, which selected testing as modifying therapeutic in patients with AD. Monoclonal (MAbs) were generated by immunization mice pegylated Abeta peptide integrated into liposomes. Murine MAbs further characterized using both vitro and vivo...

Purpose: The cardiovascular (CV) system plays a vital role in thermoregulation. To date, the response of core vasculature to increasing temperature has not been adequately studied vivo. Our objective was non-invasively quantify arterial murine models due increases body temperature, with focus on vessels torso and investigate whether responses were dependent sex or age.Methods: Male female, adult aged mice anaesthetised underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Data acquired from circle...