A5034987971- Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Child Abuse and Trauma
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Restraint-Related Deaths
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Autopsy Techniques and Outcomes
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Diabetes Management and Research
- Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
- Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Migration, Health and Trauma
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust
2018-2024
University of Birmingham
2020-2024
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2022
National Health Service
2021-2022
Family & Children’s Services
2021-2022
Government of the United Kingdom
2021
Public Health England
2021
University of Warwick
2007-2020
Solihull Hospital
2020
Coventry and Warwickshire Partnership NHS Trust
2016
Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection is generally mild or asymptomatic in children but a biological basis for this outcome unclear. Here we compare antibody and cellular immunity (aged 3–11 years) adults. Antibody responses against spike protein were high seroconversion boosted seasonal Beta-coronaviruses through cross-recognition of the S2 domain. Neutralization viral variants was comparable between Spike-specific T cell more than twice as also detected many seronegative children, indicating...
Abstract Background Melatonin is often used for autistic children with sleep disorders, despite a lack of published evidence in this population. Methods A randomized, placebo‐controlled double‐blind crossover trial melatonin was undertaken 11 spectrum disorder (ASD). Results Seven completed the trial. Sleep latency 2.6 h [95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.28–2.93] baseline, 1.91 (95% CI 1.78–2.03) placebo and 1.06 0.98–1.13) melatonin. Wakings per night were 0.35 0.18–0.53) 0.26 0.20–0.34)...
Background Comparing rates of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) different countries and over time is difficult, as these deaths are certified differently countries, and, even within the same jurisdiction, changes this certification process have occurred time. Aims To identify if International Classification Diseases-10 (ICD-10) codes being applied to develop a more robust tool for international comparison types deaths. Methods Usage six ICD-10 codes, which code majority SUDI, was...
To determine any change in referral patterns and outcomes children (0-18) referred for child protection medical examination (CPME) during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with previous years.Retrospective observational study, analysing routinely collected clinical data from CPME reports a rapid response to lockdown.Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Trust, which provides all routine Birmingham, England, population 1.1 million including 288 000 children.Children aged under 18 years attending...
Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 are globally dominant and infection rates very high in children. We measure immune responses following BA.1/2 children aged 6-14 years relate this to prior subsequent or vaccination. Primary elicits a weak antibody response with poor functional neutralizing antibodies. Subsequent reinfection COVID-19 vaccination increased titres broad neutralisation subvariants. Prior pre-Omicron virus primes for robust but these remain primarily focussed against ancestral...
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between childhood mortality (deaths before 18 years of age) and ethnicity child; how this is related to local measures deprivation. POPULATION: All child deaths in England, born at, or over, a gestation 22 weeks, from April 1, 2019, March 31, 2023, notified NCMD DESIGN: Characteristics death categories were compared by ethnicity, rate was calculated using Poisson distribution. Incident Rate Ratios (IRRs) derived White children as baseline, adjusting...
We examined the feasibility of implementing preventive measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission across 105 English primary schools in summer 2020 via a survey and interviews with headteachers. High rates implementation most recommended were noted exception requiring 2 m distance for students, fitting hand sanitizers classrooms introducing one-way systems school corridors. Measures such as regular handwashing stopping assemblies considered easy implement. Majorly challenging included...
Seroepidemiological studies to monitor antibody kinetics are important for assessing the extent and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in a population. Noninvasive sampling methods advantageous reducing need venipuncture, which may be barrier investigations, particularly pediatric populations. Oral fluids obtained by gingiva-crevicular from children adults very well accepted. Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) based on these samples have acceptable sensitivity specificity compared conventional serum-based EIAs...
Local multi-agency case reviews are regularly held in England when children have suffered significant harm from abuse or neglect, including child sexual (CSA). Most CSA takes place within families, is common but under-reported and can cause long-term harm.The aim was to analyse English protection relating intrafamilial identify improvements for professional practice.Local Child Safeguarding Practice Reviews (LCSPRs) Serious Case (SCRs) serious incidents of occurring between 01 April 2017 31...
We assessed SARS-CoV-2 infection, seroprevalence and seroconversion in students staff when secondary schools reopened March 2021.We initiated surveillance 18 across six regions September 2020. Participants provided nasal swabs for RT-PCR blood samples antibodies at the beginning (September 2020) end (December of autumn term start spring (March 2021).In 2021, 1895 participants (1100 students:795 staff) were tested; 5.6% (61/1094) 4.4% (35/792) had laboratory-confirmed infection from December...
Older children have higher SARS-CoV-2 infection rates than younger children. We investigated infection, seroprevalence and seroconversion in staff students following the full reopening of all secondary schools England.Public Health England (PHE) invited six regions (East West London, Hertfordshire, Derbyshire, Manchester Birmingham) to participate surveillance during 2020/21 academic year. Participants had nasal swabs for RT-PCR blood samples antibodies at beginning (September 2020) end...
Abstract Aim The EarLy Surveillance for Autoimmune (ELSA) study aims to explore the feasibility and acceptability of UK paediatric general population screening type 1 diabetes. Methods We aim screen 20,000 children aged 3–13 years islet‐specific autoantibodies through dried blood spot sample collection at home, hospital or community settings. Children with two more are offered metabolic staging via oral glucose challenge testing. Feasibility assessments will compare recruitment modalities...
Objective Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the most common form of in children, accounting for 96% cases, with 29 000 children affected UK. Studies have recently identified immunotherapies that safely delay development T1D at least 3 years, and further therapies are development. General population screening programs other countries can now accurately identify presymptomatic who be entered into prevention studies. The UK does not such a system place. We aim to explore whether parents would want part...
In many countries there are now detailed Child Death Review (CDR) processes following unexpected child deaths. CDR can lead to a fuller understanding of the causes for each child's death but this potentially intrusive process may increase distress bereaved families. England, joint agency approach (JAA) is used where police, healthcare and social services investigate sudden deaths together key part home visit (JHV) specialist police paediatricians with parents view scene death. This study...