A5086763447- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Colorectal and Anal Carcinomas
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
- Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Intramuscular injections and effects
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
University of Virginia
2016-2025
Office of Infectious Diseases
2023-2024
University of Virginia Health System
2020-2022
Royal Navy
2010
Yale New Haven Hospital
2008
KRH Klinikum Nordstadt
2007
Oregon Health & Science University
2004
BACKGROUND: Optimal drug dosing is important to ensure adequate response treatment, prevent development of resistance and reduce toxicity. The aim these clinical standards provide guidance on 'best practice´ for management TB drugs.METHODS: A panel 57 global experts in the fields microbiology, pharmacology care were identified; 51 participated a Delphi process. 5-point Likert scale was used score draft standards. final document represents broad consensus approved by all participants.RESULTS:...
ObjectivesAlthough evidence is growing on the overall impact of COVID-19 pandemic tuberculosis (TB) services, global studies based national data are needed to better quantify extent and countries' preparedness tackle two diseases. The aim this study was compare number people with new diagnoses or recurrence TB disease, drug-resistant (DR)-TB, deaths in 2020 vs 2019 11 countries Europe, Northern America, Australia.MethodsTB managers directors reference centers selected provided agreed-upon...
Adverse effects (AE) to TB treatment cause morbidity, mortality and interruption. The aim of these clinical standards is encourage best practise for the diagnosis management AE.
Objectives To support the Bangladesh National Kala-azar Elimination Programme (NKEP), we investigated feasibility of using trained village volunteers for detecting post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) cases, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmation diagnosis and treatment compliance by PKDL patients in Kanthal union Trishal sub-district, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Methods In this cross-sectional study, Field Research Assistants (FRAs) conducted census study area, research team on how...
We sought to compare the tuberculin skin test (TST) QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT-IT) and assess effects of malnourishment intestinal helminth infection on QFT-IT results.In this population-based cross-sectional study from Dhaka, Bangladesh, we screened children for latent tuberculosis with TST. agreement between TST QFT-IT, risk factors associated indeterminate results, magnitude interferon γ (IFN-γ) production.Three hundred two (aged 11-15.3 years) were enrolled, including 93...
The objective of this study was to describe country-specific lockdown measures and tuberculosis indicators collected during the first year COVID-19 pandemic. Data on lockdown/social restrictions (compulsory face masks hand hygiene; international local travel restrictions; family visits, school closures) were from 24 countries spanning five continents. majority implemented multiple lockdowns with partial or full reopening. There an overall decrease in active tuberculosis, drug-resistant...
ABSTRACT The impact of heteroresistance on tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes is unclear, as the role different rifampin and isoniazid exposures developing resistance mutations. Hollow fiber system model TB (HFS-TB) units were inoculated with drug-susceptible Mycobacterium ( Mtb ) treated exposure identified in a clinical trial leading to failure acquired drug resistance. Systems sampled for concentration measurements, estimation total drug-resistant , small molecule overlapping reads...
Abstract Background One third of people with TB disease (PWTB) remain undiagnosed, experiencing prolonged illnesses before diagnosis. To close this gap, the World Health Organization and national guidelines recommend screening for all household contacts (HHCs) index PWTB. HHC experiences vary between countries, rural urban parts within same country. Therefore, we aimed to characterize explore predictors diagnosis among HHCs in Rural Tanzania. Methods We used data from a prospectively...
F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is increasingly used to investigate for malignancy in the evaluation of pulmonary nodules, yet both active tuberculosis (TB) and have high uptake FDG. Definitive diagnosis TB can be further hindered patients without growth organism from sputum.We describe a series four representative cases varying disease state originally imaged by FDG-PET during malignancy. Decisions regarding treatment presence negative cultures evolving...
Dosing recommendations for treating childhood tuberculosis (TB) were revised by the World Health Organization, yet so far, pharmacokinetic studies that have evaluated these changes are relatively limited. We plasma drug concentrations of rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA), and ethambutol (EMB) among children undergoing TB treatment in Tanzania when dosing being implemented. At end intensive-phase therapy, blood was obtained 2 hours after witnessed medication administration...
Background. There is little information regarding the presence and characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), an important nosocomial pathogen, in rural African hospitals. Objectives. To determine prevalence MRSA colonisation patients admitted to a hospital with tuberculosis (TB) endemic HIV area describe transmission dynamics resistance patterns among isolates. Methods. A prospective survey adult TB wards Church Scotland Hospital, provincial government district...
Individual pharmacokinetic variability is a driver of poor tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcomes. We developed method for measurement rifampin concentrations by urine colorimetry and mobile phone photographic application to predict clinically important serum measurements in children treated TB.
Background: There is renewed interest in repurposing β-lactam antibiotics for treatment of tuberculosis (TB). We investigated efficacy cefdinir, that withstand the β-lactamase enzyme present many bacteria, against drug-susceptible and multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium (Mtb). Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) experiments were performed with Mtb H37Ra, eight drug-susceptible, 12 MDR-TB clinical isolates without inhibitor, avibactam at 15 mg/L final concentration. Next, we...
The yield of mycobacterial blood cultures for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) among TB suspects has not been described. We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis to determine the MDR-TB XDR-TB patients suspected from rural South Africa. Secondary outcomes included risk factors Mycobacterium bacteremia additive compared sputum culture. From 9/1/2006 12/31/2008, 130 were evaluated with Each patient had single culture 41 (32%) positive...
In drug-resistant TB settings, specimen collection is critical for drug-susceptibility testing (DST). This observational study included multiple types collected from pediatric suspects with the aim to determine diagnostic yield and inform clinical practice in children drug-susceptible TB. From 03/2009-07/2010, aged ≥6 months ≤12 years were recruited among outpatient inpatient settings. Subjects new or had persistent symptoms despite ≥2 of treatment. The protocol a single blood urine...