A5068323590- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Genital Health and Disease
- Fecal contamination and water quality
- Clinical Laboratory Practices and Quality Control
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Gut microbiota and health
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Amoebic Infections and Treatments
International Vaccine Institute
2019-2025
B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences
2008-2021
Seoul National University
2019
<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background</h3> Typhoid Fever remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income settings. The Severe Africa programme was designed to address regional gaps typhoid burden data identify populations eligible for interventions using novel conjugate vaccines. <h3>Methods</h3> A hybrid design, hospital-based prospective surveillance with population-based health-care utilisation surveys, implemented six countries sub-Saharan Africa. Patients presenting fever...
Water-related diseases are of great concern in developing countries like Nepal. Every year, there countless morbidity and mortality due to the consumption unsafe drinking water. Recently, have been increased uses bottled water an assumption that is safer than tap its use will help protect from water-related diseases. So, main objective this study was analyze bacteriological quality municipal water.A total 100 samples (76 24 water) were analyzed for pH. The methods used spread plate method...
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health issue, particularly in resource-limited, low- to middle-income countries like Bangladesh. In this study, we analyze and present four years of data on AMR from tertiary care hospital Bangladesh inform policymakers the wider community. Methods: retrospective cross-sectional collected for 4403 bacterial isolates reported between January 2017 February 2020 at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), All were entered,...
External quality assurance (EQA) is an objective tool to assess laboratories' diagnostic performance and their adherence recognized international standards. Quality Assessment in Asia (EQASIA) EQA network South South-East established 2020 with the aim of improving bacteriology diagnostics across all One Health sectors region. The this paper provide a comprehensive overview results collected from EQASIA improvements among participating laboratories. Six rounds were conducted between 2021...
The analysis and visualisation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance data is a crucial challenge, especially in high-burden, low-middle-income countries. We describe the design, development, integration, implementation Quick Analysis Antimicrobial Patterns Trends (QAAPT) tool for AMR visualisation. QAAPT was created by Capturing Data on Resistance Use Regions Asia project, led International Vaccine Institute (IVI). This open-source web-based tool/application generates statistical...
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical public health issue in Bangladesh, where antibiotic use widespread but often unregulated. A nationwide study (2017–2020) analyzing data from 26 laboratories examined bacterial trends across 232,329 isolates various clinical specimens. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen (32.48%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (15.50%) and Pseudomonas (10.60%). Urine specimens comprised 50.3% of tested samples, while blood soft tissue/body fluids accounted...
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent global public health problem. It threatens effective treatment of infections and leads to prolonged duration illness, higher morbidity mortality rates, increased cost care. The effectiveness currently available antibiotics decreasing as a result increasing resistant strains among clinical isolates. Objective: aim this study was determine the bacterial profile AMR patterns isolates from different specimens at Uttara Adhunik Medical...
Background: It is essential to monitor causative agents of infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns inform treatment policy at the local level. In this study, we investigated microbiological profile antibiotic susceptibility pattern records in a tertiary care hospital. Materials Method: This cross-sectional study was performed hospital Dhaka city, Bangladesh. The utilized retrospective descriptive research approach conducted between January 2018 February 2021 which culture results...
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a pressing global health concern, leading to increased treatment costs, prolonged hospital stays, and higher mortality rates. This study analyzes the prevalence trends of AMR in pathogenic bacteria isolated from various clinical specimens Chattogram Medical College Hospital (CMCH) Chittagong, Bangladesh. The objective track over an extended period provide comparative analytics for local surveillance efforts. Methods: Retrospective data June 2017...
Abstract Background Invasive salmonellosis is a common community-acquired bacteremia in persons residing sub-Saharan Africa. However, there paucity of data on severe typhoid fever and its associated acute chronic host immune response carriage. The Severe Typhoid Fever Africa (SETA) program, multicountry surveillance study, aimed to address these research gaps contribute the control prevention invasive salmonellosis. Methods A prospective healthcare facility–based with active screening...
The importance of vaccines in combatting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is commonly accepted. Although scientific reasoning supports the putative connection between and reduction AMR, reliably measuring magnitude effect on inherently challenging, especially low resource settings. We review intrinsic challenges estimating AMR discuss limitations opportunities current methods from host, pathogen, environment perspectives. highlight advantages pitfalls different epidemiological study designs...
Background: Opportunistic intestinal infections cause a significant morbidity and mortality among the HIV infected people. The present study was undertaken to find prevalence of opportunistic parasitic populace in eastern Nepal correlate occurrence with CD4 T cell counts. Materials Methods: Stool from 122 people were examined microscopically for presence ova/cyst. enumeration done using FACS Count (Becton Dickinson). 100 age matched negative controls also examined. Results: A male...
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global public health challenge associated with 4.95 million deaths in 2019 and an estimated 10 per year by 2050 the absence of coordinated action. A robust AMR surveillance system therefore required to avert such scenario. Based on analysis country-level data 8 Capturing Data Resistance Patterns Trends Use Regions Asia (CAPTURA) countries, we present list key recommendations strengthen surveillance. We propose primary considerations under...
Abstract The Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) conducts active, case-based national antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in Bangladesh. Capturing Data on Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns Trends Use Regions Asia (CAPTURA) project accessed aggregated retrospective data from non-IEDCR study sites 9 IEDCR to understand the pattern extent AMR use analyzed guide ongoing future both public private laboratories. Record-keeping practices, completeness, quality...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common infection principally spread through sexual activity. Most HPV infections are asymptomatic and resolve spontaneously. However, persistent may progress to cervical cancer. Highly efficacious vaccines have been available since 2006, yet uptake into national programs has slow in part due cost. WHO guidelines call for two-dose (0,6 month) schedule girls 9-14 years of age. Post-hoc analyses randomized trials found high vaccine effectiveness following single...
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most important cause of mortality and morbidity affecting all age groups with an estimated 150 million cases occurring globally per year. Resistance to antibiotics is highly prevalent in bacterial isolates causing UTI. Objectives: To observe isolation gram positive bacteria UTIs determine their resistance pattern antibiotics. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted BPKIHS from August 2009- 2010. total 11022 urine samples patients who...
Abstract Excessive or inappropriate antimicrobial use contributes to resistance, emphasizing the need monitor and document types quantities of antibiotics used. Thus, data on consumption (AMC) usage (AMU) are key in informing promoting judicious use. Our study, conducted during 2019–2023, as part CAPTURA project, aimed understand state availability quality for AMC AMU monitoring Asia. In this article, we describe challenges opportunities faced provide examples analysis. World Health...
Abstract Background An effective implementation of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance projects requires sustainable and multidisciplinary engagement with stakeholders from various backgrounds, interests aims. The “Capturing Data on Antimicrobial Patterns Trends in Use Regions Asia” (CAPTURA) project, funded by the Fleming Fund, initially targeted 12 countries South Asia (SA) Southeast (SEA) to “expand volume historical current data AMR usage” support local agencies through capacity...
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an immediate danger to global health. If unaddressed, the current upsurge in AMR threatens reverse achievements reducing infectious disease–associated mortality and morbidity associated with antimicrobial treatment. Consequently, there is urgent need for strategies prevent or slow progress of AMR. Vaccines potentially contribute both directly indirectly combating Modeling studies have indicated significant gains from vaccination burdens specific...
Abstract Data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from sites not participating in the National AMR surveillance network, conducted by Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), remain largely unknown Nepal. The “Capturing Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Trends Use Regions of Asia” (CAPTURA) assessed data previously untapped sources A retrospective cross-sectional review was carried out for recorded between January 2017 December 2019 to analyze 26 hospital-based laboratories 2 diagnostic Of 56...
BACKGROUND: Nepal is one of the least developed countries and in most areas water supplied directly from natural sources (like streams, rivers etc.) used for drinking purpose, without any prior treatment. So every year there are many related outbreaks mainly rainy season. Very little data available about bacteriological quality sources, country. This report presents a scenario reservoirs, supplying Dharan municipality Nepal.METHODS: Bacteriological analysis samples was performed by membrane...
Cryptosporidium species have been implicated as an important cause of childhood diarrhoea. We determined the prevalence cryptosporidiosis in HIV seronegative children 15 years age and below presenting with diarrhoea BP Koirala Institute Health Sciences, Nepal. Faeces were collected over a 12-month period. Coccidian oocysts detected using modified acid-fast staining. Intestinal parasites found 9.15% diarrhoeal stool. observed 4.4% (with 4.1% cryptosporidium two cyclospora). Coccidia most...