Ligia María Cruz Espinoza
A5013665084- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Parasites and Host Interactions
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Malaria Research and Control
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Amoebic Infections and Treatments
- Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Cancer Research and Treatments
International Vaccine Institute
2014-2024
Seoul National University
2019
Available incidence data for invasive salmonella disease in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. Standardised, multicountry required to better understand the nature and burden of Africa. We aimed measure adjusted estimates typhoid fever non-typhoidal (iNTS) Africa, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles causative agents.We established a systematic, standardised surveillance blood culture-based febrile illness 13 African sentinel sites with previous reports fever: Burkina Faso (two sites), Ethiopia,...
<h2>Summary</h2><h3>Background</h3> Typhoid Fever remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-income settings. The Severe Africa programme was designed to address regional gaps typhoid burden data identify populations eligible for interventions using novel conjugate vaccines. <h3>Methods</h3> A hybrid design, hospital-based prospective surveillance with population-based health-care utilisation surveys, implemented six countries sub-Saharan Africa. Patients presenting fever...
There is paucity of data regarding the geographical distribution, incidence, and phylogenetics multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi in sub-Saharan Africa. Here we present a phylogenetic reconstruction whole genome sequenced 249 contemporaneous S. isolated between 2008-2015 11 African countries, context 2,057 global genomic framework. Despite broad genetic diversity, majority organisms (225/249; 90%) belong to only three genotypes, 4.3.1 (H58) (99/249; 40%), 3.1.1 (97/249; 39%), 2.3.2...
Background. New immunization programs are dependent on data from surveillance networks and disease burden estimates to prioritize target areas risk groups. Data regarding invasive Salmonella in sub-Saharan Africa currently limited, thus hindering the implementation of preventive measures. The Typhoid Fever Surveillance Program (TSAP) was established by International Vaccine Institute obtain comparable incidence typhoid fever nontyphoidal (iNTS) through standardized multiple countries....
Background. Country-specific studies in Africa have indicated that Plasmodium falciparum is associated with invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) disease. We conducted a multicenter study 13 sites Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar, Senegal, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania to investigate the relationship between occurrence of iNTS disease, other systemic bacterial infections, malaria. Methods. Febrile patients received blood culture malaria test. Isolated...
Background. Salmonella ranks among the leading causes of bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa. Multidrug resistant typhoidal and nontyphoidal (NTS) isolates have been previously identified this region. However, resistance to ciprofloxacin has rarely reported West This study aims assess susceptibility against causing invasive children rural Ghana. Methods. From May 2007 until 2012, attending a district hospital central Ghana were eligible for recruitment. enterica isolated from blood...
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is a predominant cause of bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Increasing numbers S. with resistance to ciprofloxacin have been reported from different parts the world. However, data SSA are limited. In this study, we aimed measure susceptibility isolated patients febrile illness SSA.Febrile 9 sites within 6 countries body temperature ≥38.0°C were enrolled study. Blood samples obtained for bacterial culture, and isolates identified...
Assessing healthcare utilization is important to identify weaknesses of systems, outline action points for preventive measures and interventions, more accurately estimate the disease burden in a population.A survey was developed Typhoid Fever Surveillance Africa Program (TSAP) adjust incidences salmonellosis determined through passive, facility-based surveillance. This cross-sectional conducted at 11 sites 9 sub-Saharan African countries. Demographic data healthcare-seeking behavior were...
Abstract Background Invasive salmonellosis is a common community-acquired bacteremia in persons residing sub-Saharan Africa. However, there paucity of data on severe typhoid fever and its associated acute chronic host immune response carriage. The Severe Typhoid Fever Africa (SETA) program, multicountry surveillance study, aimed to address these research gaps contribute the control prevention invasive salmonellosis. Methods A prospective healthcare facility–based with active screening...
Background Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella (iNTS) is one of the leading causes bacteraemia in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to provide a better understanding genetic characteristics and transmission patterns associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) iNTS serovars across continent. Methods A total 166 isolates collected from multi-centre surveillance 10 African countries (2010–2014) fever study Ghana (2007–2009) were genome sequenced investigate geographical distribution, antimicrobial...
The etiology and optimal clinical management of acute febrile illness (AFI) is poorly understood.Blood samples taken from study participants with fever (≥37.5°C) or a history recruited into the previous Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa (TSAP) were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based TaqMan-Array Card designed to detect panel bacterial, viral, parasitic pathogens. Clinical metadata also assessed.A total 615 blood available for analysis originated Burkina Faso (n = 53),...
Background. Chronic and convalescent carriers play an important role in the transmission endemicity of many communicable diseases. A high incidence Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi invasive nontyphoidal (NTS) infection has been reported parts sub-Saharan Africa, yet prevalence excretion general population is unknown. Methods. Stool specimens were collected from a random sample households 2 populations West Africa: Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, Dakar, Senegal. was cultured to detect presence ,...
The clinical diagnosis of bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in sub-Saharan Africa is routinely confused with malaria due to overlapping symptoms. Typhoid Surveillance Program (TSAP) recruited febrile inpatients and outpatients all ages using identical study procedures enrollment criteria, thus providing an opportunity assess disease etiology pretreatment patterns among children adults.Inpatients tympanic or axillary temperatures ≥38.0 ≥37.5°C, respectively, only reporting fever within...
Background. The Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa Program (TSAP) estimated adjusted incidence rates (IRs) for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and invasive nontyphoidal S. serovars (iNTS) of >100 cases per 100 000 person-years observation (PYO) children aged <15 years Asante Akim North Municipal (AAN), Ghana, between March 2010 May 2012. We analyzed how much these differed rural urban settings. Methods. Children recruited at the Agogo Presbyterian Hospital meeting TSAP inclusion criteria...
A multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was isolated from the blood of a hospitalized child in Ghana. DNA sequencing identified novel gyrB mutation at codon 466 (Glu466Asp). An increase fluoroquinolone after introduction wild-type gyrB+ allele demonstrated that had direct effect on susceptibility.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health concern, yet, there are noticeable gaps in AMR surveillance data regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to measure the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram-negative bacteria bloodstream infections from 12 sentinel sites Africa.Data were generated during Typhoid Fever Surveillance Africa Program (TSAP), which standardized blood cultures performed on febrile patients attending facilities 9 African...
Abstract Background The World Health Organization recently prequalified a typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), recommending its use in persons ≥6 months to 45 years residing fever (TF)–endemic areas. We now need consider how TCVs can have the greatest impact most vulnerable populations. Methods Typhoid Fever Surveillance Africa Program (TSAP) was blood culture-based surveillance of febrile patients from defined populations presenting at healthcare facilities 10 African countries. TF and invasive...
Salmonellaenterica serovar Typhi and nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) cause the majority of bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa; however, serotyping is rarely performed. We validated a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with White–Kauffmann–Le Minor (WKLM) scheme using 110 isolates from blood cultures febrile children Ghana applied method other Typhoid Fever Surveillance Africa Program study sites. In Ghana, 47 (43%) S. Typhi, 36 (33%) enterica Typhimurium, 14 (13%)...
Background. Globally, there are an estimated 22 million cases of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi infection each year. However, this figure is likely to be underestimate due the low sensitivity blood culture in S. diagnosis. The aim study was diagnose by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using patient's preserved with ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Methods. From April 2012 September 2013, typhoid fever surveillance conducted Polesgo and Nioko, 2 dry slum areas...
Typhoid fever remains a significant health problem in sub-Saharan Africa, with incidence rates of >100 cases per 100,000 person-years observation. Despite the prequalification safe and effective typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCV), some uncertainties remain around future demand. Real-life effectiveness data, which inform public programs on impact TCVs reducing typhoid-related mortality morbidity, from an African setting may help encourage introduction high-burden settings. Here, we describe...
Clearly differentiating causes of fever is challenging where diagnostic capacities are limited, resulting in poor patient management. We investigated acute febrile illness children aged ≤15 years enrolled at healthcare facilities Butajira, Ethiopia, during January 2012 to 2014 for the Typhoid Fever Surveillance Africa Program.Blood culture, malaria microscopy, and blood analyses followed by microbiological, biochemical, antimicrobial susceptibility testing isolates were performed. applied a...