A5088672891- Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
- Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Adolescent and Pediatric Healthcare
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Glaucoma and retinal disorders
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Political and Economic history of UK and US
- Corneal surgery and disorders
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
University of Bristol
2016-2025
National Institute for Health Research
2018-2025
NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre
2018-2025
University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust
2017-2024
Medical Research Council
2016-2024
Angelo State University
2024
University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust
2024
The University of Western Australia
2024
MRC Epidemiology Unit
2017-2023
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
2023
Abstract Background Smoking prevalence is higher amongst individuals with schizophrenia and depression compared the general population. Mendelian randomisation (MR) can examine whether this association causal using genetic variants identified in genome-wide studies (GWAS). Methods We conducted two-sample MR to explore bi-directional effects of smoking on depression. For behaviour, we used (1) initiation GWAS from GSCAN consortium (2) our own lifetime behaviour (which captures duration,...
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable, polygenic condition characterized by relatively diverse phenotype and frequent comorbid conditions, such as anxiety depression. At present, limited evidence explains how genetic risk for schizophrenia manifest in the general population.
Background Observational associations between cannabis and schizophrenia are well documented, but ascertaining causation is more challenging. We used Mendelian randomization (MR), utilizing publicly available data as a method for from observational data. Method performed bi-directional two-sample MR using summary-level genome-wide the International Cannabis Consortium (ICC) Psychiatric Genomics (PGC2). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with initiation ( p < 10 −5 ) 5 × −8...
It is often assumed that selection (including participation and dropout) does not represent an important source of bias in genetic studies. However, there little evidence to date on the effect factors participation.Using data mothers (N = 7486) children 7508) from Avon Longitudinal Study Parents Children, we: (i) examined association polygenic risk scores for a range sociodemographic lifestyle characteristics health conditions related continued participation; (ii) investigated whether...
The authors investigated the incidence, course, and outcome of psychotic experiences from childhood through early adulthood in general population examined prediction disorder.This was a population-based cohort study using semistructured Psychosis-Like Symptoms Interview at ages 12, 18, 24 (N=7,900 with any data). Incidence rates were estimated flexible parametric modeling, positive predictive values (PPVs), sensitivity, specificity, area under curve for prediction.The incidence rate...
Psychotic experiences, such as hallucinations and delusions, are reported by approximately 5% to 10% of the general population, although only a small proportion develop psychotic disorders schizophrenia. Studying genetic causes experiences in its association with other disorders, may increase understanding their pathologic significance.
Population-based studies following trajectories of depression in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) from childhood into early adulthood are rare. The role genetic confounding and potential environmental intermediaries, such as bullying, any associations is unclear.
Early-life exposures, such as prenatal maternal lifestyle, illnesses, nutritional deficiencies, toxin levels, and adverse birth events, have long been considered potential risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. However, genetic could be confounding the association between early-life exposures outcomes offspring, which makes inferring a causal relationship problematic.
Previous studies have suggested that the lamina cribrosa (LC) and its surrounding sclera are biomechanically important in pathogenesis of glaucoma, but many were limited by assumptions tissue isotropy homogeneity. Here, we used an improved biomechanical model driven experimental measurements scleral LC collagen fiber organization to more accurately evaluate optic nerve head (ONH) biomechanics.Collagen was quantitatively mapped across human ONH cryosections (three normal three glaucomatous)...
Background Insulin resistance predisposes to cardiometabolic disorders, which are commonly comorbid with schizophrenia and key contributors the significant excess mortality in schizophrenia. Mechanisms for comorbidity remain unclear, but observational studies have implicated inflammation both disorders separately. We aimed examine whether there is genetic evidence that insulin 7 related traits may be causally associated schizophrenia, supports as a common mechanism Methods findings used...
Abstract Evidence linking parental inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with autism in children is inconclusive. We conducted four complementary studies to investigate associations between IBD and children, elucidated their underlying etiology. Conducting a nationwide population-based cohort study using Swedish registers, we found evidence of diagnoses children. Polygenic risk score analyses the Avon Longitudinal Study Parents Children suggested maternal genetic liability autistic traits...
Purpose.: Previous work has suggested a major role of scleral biomechanics in the pathogenesis glaucoma. Since fiber orientation connective tissues is key determinant tissue biomechanics, experimental characterization needed to fully understand biomechanics. This report baseline measurements whole normal rat scleras. Methods.: Twenty ostensibly Norway brown eyes were fixed 4% paraformaldehyde. The scleras cleaned intra- and extraorbital dissected into five patches, each patch was glycerol...
Background There is increasing evidence that smoking a risk factor for severe mental illness, including bipolar disorder. Conversely, patients with disorder might smoke more (often) as result of the psychiatric Aims We conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to investigate direction and causal nature relationship between Method used publicly available summary statistics from genome-wide association studies on disorder, initiation, heaviness, cessation lifetime (i.e....
Abstract Whilst associations between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia and various phenotypic outcomes have been reported, an understanding of developmental pathways can only be gained by modelling comorbidity across psychopathology. We examine how genetic relates to adolescent psychosis-related internalizing psychopathology using a latent approach, compare this other psychiatric disorders, gain more comprehensive the at age. PRSs schizophrenia, major depressive disorder,...
There is concern about potentially causal effects of tobacco use on psychosis, but epidemiological studies have been less robust in attempts to minimize confounding than cannabis been.To examine the association patterns cigarette and with preceding subsequent psychotic experiences, compare across these patterns.This cohort study used data from Avon Longitudinal Study Parents Children, which initially consisted 14 062 children. Data were collected periodically September 6, 1990, collection...
Inflammation is associated with cognitive functioning and dementia in older adults, but whether inflammation related to youth these associations are causal remains unclear. In a population-based cohort (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents Children; ALSPAC), we investigated cross-sectional inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], Interleukin-6 [IL-6] Glycoprotein acetyls [GlycA]) measures cold (working memory, response inhibition) hot (emotion recognition) cognition at age 24 (N = 3,305...
Abstract Omega-3 fatty acids have been implicated in the aetiology of depressive disorders, though trials supplementing omega-3 to prevent major disorder (MDD) so far unsuccessful. Whether this association is causal remains unclear. We used two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) investigate causality. Genetic variants associated with circulating and omega-6 UK Biobank (UKBB, n = 115,078) were selected as exposures. The Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) genome-wide studies (GWAS) MDD (...
One hundred and ninety-one cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were entered in a trial which, for five months, all received cytotoxic therapy with prednisolone, vincristine, mercaptopurine, L-asparaginase, methotrexate (the latter high dosage followed by folinic acid). Patients then randomized to receive immunotherapy (B.C.G.), twice-weekly methotrexate, or no further treatment. seventy-seven patients (93%) achieved full remission at the time analysis, 26 months from beginning trial, 143...
A total of 177 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia aged 1 to 13 years were entered in a trial which one the variables was “prophylactic” treatment against central nervous system (C.N.S.) relapse. Patients who achieved haematological remission on standard chemotherapy regimen either received or did not receive craniospinal irradiation plus intrathecal methotrexate. Of 80 prophylactic C.N.S. terminated by meningeal 26. The corresponding figure for given only out 75. incidence marrow...
Abstract Smoking is strongly associated with schizophrenia. Although it has been widely assumed that this reflects self-medication, recent studies suggest smoking may be a risk factor for We performed two-sample bi-directional Mendelian randomization using summary level genomewide association data from the Tobacco And Genetics Consortium and Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Variants initiation schizophrenia were combined an inverse-variance weighted fixed-effects approach. found evidence...