A5034833039- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Advanced Thermodynamic Systems and Engines
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Inflammasome and immune disorders
Johns Hopkins University
2019-2024
Johns Hopkins Medicine
2021-2024
Washington University in St. Louis
2018
Aiding and abetting norovirus disease Norovirus is highly infectious usually causes transient, acute disease. In some individuals, persists associated with inflammatory bowel disorders. While investigating the cell tropism for murine norovirus, Wilen et al. discovered that a rare type, tuft cells, carrying CD300lf receptor were virus's specific target. Tuft cells proliferate in response to type 2 cytokines interleukin-4 interleukin-25, which thereby amplify infection. Moreover, infected are...
The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked unprecedented public health and social measures (PHSM) by national local governments, including border restrictions, school closures, mandatory facemask use stay at home orders. Quantifying the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing disease transmission is key to rational policy making response current future pandemics. In order estimate interventions, detailed descriptions their timelines, scale scope are needed. Health Intervention Tracking for...
Murine norovirus (MNoV) is closely related to human (HNoV), an infectious agent responsible for acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Here we report the X-ray crystal structure of dimeric MNoV VP1 protruding (P) domain in complex with its cellular receptor CD300lf. CD300lf binds P a 2:2 stoichiometry, engaging cleft between AB and DE loops P2 subdomain at site that overlaps epitopes neutralizing antibodies. We also identify bile acids are cofactors enhancing cell-binding infectivity. Structures...
Murine norovirus (MNoV) is an important model of human (HNoV) and mucosal virus infection more broadly. Viral receptor utilization a major determinant cell tropism, host range, pathogenesis. The bona fide for HNoV unknown. Recently, we identified CD300lf as proteinaceous MNoV. Interestingly, its paralogue CD300ld was also sufficient MNoV in vitro. Here explored whether the sole physiologic vivo can use CD300 ortholog entry receptor. We report that both are by diverse strains further...
Several inflammatory cytokines are upregulated in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We compared COVID-19 versus influenza to define differentiating features of the response these pathogens and their association with disease. Because elevated body mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for COVID-19, we examined relationship BMI associated
Murine norovirus (MNoV) is a model for human and interrogating mechanisms of viral tropism persistence. We previously demonstrated that the persistent strain MNoVCR6 infects tuft cells, which are dispensable non-persistent MNoVCW3. now show diverse MNoV strains require cells chronic enteric infection. also demonstrate interferon-λ (IFN-λ) acts directly on to cure infection type I III IFNs signal together via STAT1 in restrict MNoVCW3 tropism. then develop an enteroid find similarly infect...
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of gastroenteritis resulting in up to 200,000 deaths each year. The receptor and cell tropism HuNoV immunocompetent humans unclear.
ABSTRACT The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is associated with a hyperinflammatory immune response. Monocytes and macrophages play central role in this response to SARS-CoV-2. NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been observed monocytes patients COVID-19, but the mechanism consequences require further investigation. In study, we inoculated macrophage-like THP-1 cell line, primary differentiated human nasal epithelial (hNEC) cultures, We found that does not rely on viral replication, receptor-mediated...
ABSTRACT Background Several inflammatory cytokines are upregulated in severe COVID-19. We compared COVID-19 versus influenza order to define differentiating features of the response these pathogens and their association with disease. Because elevated body mass index (BMI) is a known risk factor for COVID-19, we examined relationship BMI associated Methods Thirty-seven chemokines were measured plasma from 145 patients 57 influenza, 30 healthy controls. Controlling BMI, age, sex, differences...
Abstract Murine norovirus (MNoV) is an important model of human (HNoV) and mucosal virus infection more broadly. Viral receptor utilization a major determinant cell tropism, host range, pathogenesis. The bona fide for HNoV unknown. Recently, we identified CD300lf as proteinaceous MNoV. Interestingly, its paralogue CD300ld was also sufficient MNoV in vitro . Here explored whether the sole physiologic vivo can use CD300 ortholog entry receptor. We report that both are by diverse strains...
ABSTRACT Noroviruses are a leading cause of gastrointestinal infection in humans and mice. Understanding human norovirus (HuNoV) cell tropism has important implications for our understanding viral pathogenesis. Murine (MNoV) is extensively used as surrogate model HuNoV. We previously identified CD300lf the receptor MNoV. Here, we generated Cd300lf conditional knockout ( F/F ) mouse to elucidate persistent non-persistent strains murine norovirus. Using this model, demonstrate that expression...