A5034130769- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Magnetic and transport properties of perovskites and related materials
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Global Health and Surgery
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Hemophilia Treatment and Research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Rare-earth and actinide compounds
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Mine drainage and remediation techniques
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
Burnet Institute
2016-2025
Monash University
2022-2024
Australian Government
2022-2024
Government of Western Australia Department of Health
2023-2024
Breast Cancer Network Australia
2024
The University of Melbourne
2001-2024
Royal Children's Hospital
2020-2024
The Alfred Hospital
2011-2024
Government of Victoria
2023
ACT Government
2022
BackgroundAround 500 000 people worldwide develop rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis each year. The proportion of successful treatment outcomes remains low and new treatments are needed. Following an interim analysis, we report the final safety efficacy TB-PRACTECAL trial, evaluating oral regimens for tuberculosis.MethodsThis open-label, randomised, controlled, multi-arm, multicentre, non-inferiority trial was conducted at seven hospital community sites in Uzbekistan, Belarus, South Africa,...
The magnetoresistance (MR) behaviour and the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of ferromagnetic shape memory alloy nominal composition Ni2Mn1.36Sn0.64 have been investigated. We observe giant negative MR (~ − 48% at 90 kOe) around martensitic transition (MT) temperature. observed was found to be irreversible with respect applied magnetic field, particularly in vicinity MT. sample exhibits a large but positive (a peak value 5.1 J kg−1 K−1 for field changing from 0 20 A comparison other Ni–Mn-based...
An outbreak of multi-drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) has been reported on Daru Island, Papua New Guinea. Mycobacterium strains driving this and the temporal accrual drug resistance mutations have not described. Whole genome sequencing 100 165 clinical isolates referred from General Hospital to Supranational reference laboratory, Brisbane, during 2012–2015 revealed that 95 belonged a single modern Beijing sub-lineage strain. Molecular dating suggested acquisition streptomycin isoniazid...
### Summary box Disease outbreaks and health emergencies cause substantial human suffering, death economic loss. Such events push weak systems to a breaking point, as witnessed during recent of cholera, drug-resistant tuberculosis, Ebola virus disease Zika disease.1–4 The current COVID-19 pandemic is testing the response resilience worldwide, including well-resourced in Europe North America, where institutions public agencies are operating beyond capacity, diagnostics lacking, triage...
Mitigation measures against infectious aerosols are desperately needed. We aimed to: 1) compare germicidal ultraviolet radiation (GUV) at 254 nm (254-GUVUpper-Room) and 222 (222-GUVWhole-Room) with portable high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to inactivate/remove airborne bacteriophage ϕX174, 2) measure the effect of mixing on effectiveness 254-GUVUpper-Room, 3) determine relative susceptibility SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A(H3N2) GUV (254 nm, nm). A nebulizer generated ϕX174 laden in...
The ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy of nominal composition ${\text{Ni}}_{2}{\text{Mn}}_{1.36}{\text{Sn}}_{0.64}$ has been investigated by electronic transport and magnetic studies. thermoelastic martensitic transition is strongly influenced the applied field as observed in our resistivity magnetization measurements. field-cooled zero-field-cooled resistivities show large divergence below temperature. It evident that cooling through produces a fraction arrested austenitic phase, which...
Oral Antiviral (OAV) COVID-19 treatments are widely used, but evidence for their effectiveness against the Omicron variant in higher risk, vaccinated individuals is limited.Retrospective study of two cohorts cases aged ≥70 years diagnosed during a BA.4/5 wave Victoria, Australia. Cases received either nirmatrelvir-ritonavir or molnupiravir as only treatment. Data linkage and logistic regression modelling was used to evaluate association between treatment death hospitalisation compared with...
To determine the prevalence and trends of human hookworm infection (HWI) in Northern Territory over past 10 years, to assess influence community children's deworming program (CCDP).A retrospective observational analysis consecutive microbiologically confirmed cases HWI patients diagnosed at NT government health care facilities main private laboratory servicing between January 2002 July 2012.Annual (2002-2011); age, sex, Indigenous status, residence, haemoglobin level eosinophil count with...
Stage 3 lockdown measures in Victoria reduced COVID-19 transmission, but more was required to control the epidemic Australia, like many other countries, had an initial rise coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases March and April 2020; however, this followed by a relatively sharp decline May 2020 after federal state governments introduced strict community controls. These included mandatory quarantine periods for people returning from overseas, physical distancing policies, such as closing...
The COVID-19 pandemic and response measures, including lockdowns the reorientation of health services, have disrupted essential services for other diseases, TB, HIV malaria. For reductions in case detection due to are projected result increased TB transmission, morbidity mortality. Active case-finding (ACF) using community-based approaches is a potential strategy offset by obviating need patients seek care at facility. A number can be used conduct ACF safely screen designated target...
Molecular mechanisms determining the transmission and prevalence of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in Papua New Guinea (PNG) are poorly understood. We used genomic susceptibility data to explore evolutionary history, temporal acquisition resistance dynamics DR-TB across PNG.We performed whole genome sequencing on isolates from Central Public Health Laboratory, PNG, collected 2017-2019. Data analysis was done a composite dataset that also included 100 genomes previously sequenced Daru,...
Chromobacterium violaceum is a bacterium associated with soil and water exposure in tropical regions causes rare serious clinical infections that are often fatal. We reviewed the demographic details of 28 patients C. detected over 15 years from 2000 to 2015, Top End Northern Territory. Of these patients, 18 had attributable . Patients were more commonly male (55.6%), 16- 60-year (61.1%) age group. Skin soft tissue (50%), predominantly involving limbs, major manifestation. Water, mud...
A response to an outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) on Daru Island, South Fly District (SFD), Western Province, Papua New Guinea (PNG) was implemented by a national emergency taskforce.To describe programmatic interventions for TB in SFD and evaluate characteristics case notifications, drug resistance treatment outcomes.This retrospective cohort study based routine data all patients enrolled at General Hospital from 2014 2017.The involved high-level political commitment,...
Currently, only 62% of incident tuberculosis (TB) cases are reported to the national programme in Pakistan. Several innovative interventions being recommended detect remaining 'missed' TB cases. One such intervention involved expanding contact investigation community using Xpert MTB/RIF test.This was a before and after study involving retrospective record review. Passive case finding household routinely done pre-intervention period July 2011-June 2013. Four districts with high concentration...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health issue in Papua New Guinea, with incidence rates particularly high the South Fly District of Western Province. We present three case studies, along additional vignettes, that were derived from interviews and focus groups carried out between July 2019 2020 people living rural areas remote depicting their challenges accessing timely TB diagnosis care; most services within district are only offered offshore on Daru Island. The findings detail rather...
The charge ordered La${}_{1/3}$Sr${}_{2/3}$FeO${}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (LSFO) in bulk and nanocrystalline forms are investigated using ac dc magnetization, M\"ossbauer, polarized neutron studies. A complex scenario of short-range magnetic ordering is realized from the studies specimen. This does not involve any change spin state modification disproportion between Fe${}^{3+}$ Fe${}^{5+}$ compared to counterpart as evident M\"ossbauer results. refinement diffraction peaks...
We assessed the effect of an active case finding (ACF) project on tuberculosis (TB) notification and yields from a household neigbourhood intervention (screening contacts historical index TB patients diagnosed >24months ago) community attendants health education sessions/mobile clinics).Cross-sectional analysis records, township registers annual reports.In intervention, 56,709 people screened, 1,076 were presumptive 74 treated for with screening yield 0.1% cases 6.9%. In 162,881 4,497 984...
Xpert® MTB/RIF was introduced in Papua New Guinea 2012 for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) and rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB), a marker multi-drug-resistant (MDR-TB).To assess concordance Xpert with phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) performed at supranational reference laboratory to describe patterns drug-resistant observed.This retrospective descriptive study data collected from April December 2017.In 69 months, 1408 specimens results were sent mycobacterial culture DST;...