Sara Ambrosino
A5044303155- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Child Development and Digital Technology
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Face Recognition and Perception
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Congenital heart defects research
- Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
- Polyamine Metabolism and Applications
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Hemispheric Asymmetry in Neuroscience
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Biochemical Acid Research Studies
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
Aims Community College
2024
University Medical Center Utrecht
2014-2024
University of Perugia
2023-2024
Utrecht University
2020-2023
Heidelberg University
2014-2023
University Hospital Heidelberg
2014-2023
Central Institute of Mental Health
2023
Goethe University Frankfurt
2021-2022
University Hospital Frankfurt
2022
University of Trento
2022
Objective: Neuroimaging studies show structural alterations of various brain regions in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), although nonreplications are frequent. The authors sought to identify cortical characteristics related ADHD using large-scale studies. Methods: Cortical thickness surface area (based on the Desikan–Killiany atlas) were compared between case subjects (N=2,246) control (N=1,934) for children, adolescents, separately ENIGMA-ADHD, a...
The tremendous clinical and aetiological diversity among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been a major obstacle to the development of new treatments, as many may only be effective in particular subgroups. Precision medicine approaches aim overcome this challenge by combining pathophysiologically based treatments stratification biomarkers that predict which treatment most beneficial for individuals. However, so far, we have no single validated biomarker ASD. This due fact...
The excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance hypothesis posits that between excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) mechanisms underlies the behavioral characteristics of autism. However, how E/I arises it may differ across autism symptomatology brain regions is not well understood. We used innovative analysis methods-combining competitive gene-set gene-expression profiles in relation to cortical thickness (CT) investigate relationships genetic variance, structure participants...
The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP) is to date the largest multi-centre, multi-disciplinary observational study on biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). current paper describes clinical characteristics of LEAP cohort and examines age, sex IQ differences in ASD core symptoms common co-occurring psychiatric symptoms. A companion overall design experimental protocol outlines strategy identify stratification biomarkers. From six research centres four countries, we...
Autism spectrum disorder ("autism") is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with few effective treatments for core and associated features. To make progress we need to both identify validate neural markers that help parse heterogeneity tailor therapies specific neurobiological profiles. Atypical hemispheric lateralization stable feature across studies in autism, but its potential as stratification marker has not been widely examined. In order dissect used the large EU-AIMS...
Some studies have suggested alterations of structural brain asymmetry in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but findings been contradictory and based on small samples. Here, we performed the largest ever analysis left-right ADHD, using 39 datasets ENIGMA consortium.
Abstract Background Understanding the development of neuronal circuitry underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical to shed light into its etiology and for treatment options. Resting state EEG provides a window spontaneous local long-range synchronization has been investigated in many ASD studies, but results are inconsistent. Unbiased investigation large comprehensive samples focusing on replicability needed. Methods We quantified resting alpha peak metrics, power (PS, 2–32 Hz)...
Background Reward processing has been proposed to underpin the atypical social feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, previous neuroimaging studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding specificity atypicalities for reward in ASD. Aims Utilising a large sample, we aimed assess response type (social, monetary) and phase (anticipation, delivery) Method Functional magnetic resonance imaging during monetary anticipation delivery was performed 212 individuals with ASD (7.6–30.6...
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has frequently been associated with changes in resting-state functional connectivity, and decreased white matter (WM) integrity. In the current study, we investigated connectivity within Default Mode frontal control networks (RSNs) children without ADHD. We hypothesized RSNs of interest would show a pattern impaired integration segregation corresponding WM structure.Resting-state fMRI diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired from 35...
Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with key deficits in social functioning. It widely assumed that the biological underpinnings of impairment are neurofunctional alterations “social brain,” neural circuitry involved inferring mental state partner. However, previous evidence comes from small-scale studies and findings have been mixed. We therefore carried out to-date largest study on correlates mentalizing ASD. Methods As part Longitudinal...
Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is accompanied by highly individualized neuroanatomical deviations that potentially map onto distinct genotypes and clinical phenotypes. This study aimed to link differences in brain anatomy specific biological pathways pave the way toward targeted therapeutic interventions. Methods: The authors examined neurodevelopmental cortical thickness their genomic underpinnings a large clinically diverse sample of 360 individuals with ASD 279 typically...
The tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a plastic immune checkpoint molecule that potently orchestrates responses within the tumor microenvironment (TME). As heme-containing protein, IDO1 catalyzes conversion of essential amino acid tryptophan into immunoactive metabolites, called kynurenines. By depleting and enriching TME with kynurenines, catalytic activity shapes an immunosuppressive TME. Accordingly, inducible or constitutive expression in cancer...
Studies of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have shown developmental changes in the cortical mantle. Different dimensions morphology, such as surface area and thickness, relate to different neurodevelopmental mechanisms. As such, studying multiple may inform us about origins ADHD. Furthermore, results from existing longitudinal samples await replication. Therefore, we conducted a study sizable, independent ADHD sample. We analyzed 297 anatomical MRI scans two matched groups 94...
Heterogeneity in the phenotypic presentation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is apparent profile and severity sensory features. Here, we applied factor mixture modelling (FMM) to test a multidimensional model processing ASD. We aimed identify homogeneous subgroups ASD that differ intrinsically their along continuous scores. also investigated relation clinical variables: sex, age, IQ, social-communication symptoms, restricted repetitive behaviours, adaptive functioning symptoms anxiety...
Abstract Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 5% of children world-wide. Of these, two-thirds continue to have impairing symptoms ADHD into adulthood. Although a large literature implicates structural brain differences the disorder, it is not clear if adults with similar neuroanatomical as those seen in recent reports from ENIGMA-ADHD consortium finding for but adults. This paper uses deep learning neural network classification models determine there are changes brains...
Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition that associated with significant difficulties in adaptive behavior and variation clinical outcomes across the life span. Some individuals ASD improve, whereas others may not change significantly, or regress. Hence, development of “personalized medicine” approaches essential. However, this requires an understanding biological processes underpinning differences outcome, at both individual subgroup levels,...
Sociocommunicative difficulties, including abnormalities in eye contact, are core diagnostic features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Many studies have used tracking to measure reduced attention faces autistic people; however, most this work has not taken advantage eye-tracking temporal resolution examine profiles attention. We growth curve analysis model static social scenes as a function time large (N = 650) sample participants and neurotypical across wide age range (6–30 years). The...
Abstract Social-communication (SC) and restricted repetitive behaviors (RRB) are autism diagnostic symptom domains. SC RRB severity can markedly differ within between individuals may be underpinned by different neural circuitry genetic mechanisms. Modeling SC-RRB balance could help identify how mechanisms map onto such phenotypic heterogeneity. Here, we developed a stratification model that makes highly accurate (97–99%) out-of-sample = RRB, > subtype predictions. Applying this to resting...
Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions accompanied by differences in brain development. Neuroanatomical autism variable across individuals and likely underpin distinct clinical phenotypes. To parse heterogeneity, it is essential to establish how the neurobiology of ASD modulated associated with co-occurring conditions, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study aimed (1) investigate between-group autistic without ADHD,...
Restrictive and repetitive behavior in autism may be related to deficits cognitive control. Here, we aimed assess functional connectivity during a control task compare brain network activity children with spectrum disorders (ASD) typically developing using multivariate data-driven approach. 19 high-functioning boys ASD age-matched were included this study. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3T the performance of (go/no-go paradigm). networks identified independent...