A5050941263- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- MRI in cancer diagnosis
- Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Cerebrovascular and Carotid Artery Diseases
- Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment and Prognosis
- Bone and Joint Diseases
- Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
- Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Apelin-related biomedical research
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging
- Cerebrospinal fluid and hydrocephalus
Cardiff University
2016-2025
University of California Davis Medical Center
2024-2025
Royal Marsden Hospital
2009-2017
Institute of Cancer Research
2009-2017
Cancer Research UK
2017
Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust
2009-2017
University of Oxford
2011-2014
Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging
2011-2014
Wellcome Sanger Institute
2011
National Health Service
2011
The hepatocyte growth factor/c-MET axis is implicated in tumor cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. ARQ 197 an oral, selective, non-adenosine triphosphate competitive c-MET inhibitor. A phase I trial of was conducted to assess safety, tolerability, target inhibition, including intratumoral signaling, apoptosis, angiogenesis.Patients with solid tumors amenable pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic studies using serial biopsies, dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging...
Abstract Background Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown that APOE ε2‐ and ε4‐carriers similar patterns of blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) activation suggesting we need to look beyond the BOLD signal link APOE' s effect on brain Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐risk. Methods We evaluated ‐related differences in response a memory task, cerebrovascular reactivity using CO 2 ‐inhalation challenge (CO ‐CVR), potential contribution ‐CVR signal. Results had highest...
The purpose of this study was to compare apparent diffusion coefficients, metabolic ratios, and vascularity values within histologically defined prostate tumors with those in nontumor tissue determine which functional parameter or combination parameters is best for differentiating tumor from tissue.Twenty patients due prostatectomy underwent endorectal MRI at 1.5 T. Transverse T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, 2D chemical shift, dynamic contrast-enhanced images were acquired. After...
Abstract This paper introduces the Welsh Advanced Neuroimaging Database (WAND), a multi-scale, multi-modal imaging dataset comprising in vivo brain data from 170 healthy volunteers (aged 18–63 years), including 3 Tesla (3 T) magnetic resonance (MRI) with ultra-strong (300 mT/m) field gradients, structural and functional MRI nuclear spectroscopy at T 7 T, magnetoencephalography (MEG), transcranial stimulation (TMS), together trait questionnaire cognitive data. Data are organised using Brain...
Abstract Velocity-selective arterial spin labelling (VSASL) MRI is insensitive to prolonged transit time. This an advantage over other schemes, where long times can lead bias. Therefore, VSASL be used with greater confidence study perfusion in the presence of times, such as ageing brain, vascular pathologies, and cancer, or time changes, during measurement cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). However, when calculating (cerebral blood flow, CBF, brain) from signal, it assumed that a crushing...
Purpose To assess the repeatability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) estimates in extracranial soft-tissue diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging across a wide range protocols and patient populations. Materials Methods Nine prospective studies one volunteer study, performed between 2006 2016 with research ethics committee approval written informed consent from each subject, were included this single-institution study. A total 141 tumors healthy organs imaged twice (interval...
This study aims to map the acute effects of caffeine ingestion on grey matter oxygen metabolism and haemodynamics with a novel MRI method. Sixteen healthy consumers (8 males, age=24.7±5.1) were recruited this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Each participant was scanned two days before after delivery an oral (250mg) or placebo capsule. Our measurements obtained newly proposed estimation approach applied data from dual calibration fMRI experiment that uses hypercapnia...
Measurement of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) can give valuable information about existing pathology and the risk adverse events, such as stroke. A common method obtaining regional CVR values is by measuring blood flow response to carbon dioxide (CO 2 )-enriched air using arterial spin labeling (ASL) or oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) imaging. Recently, several studies have used carbogen gas (containing only CO oxygen) an alternative stimulus. direct comparison was performed between acquired...
Dual-calibrated fMRI is a multi-parametric technique that allows for the quantification of resting oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), absolute rate cerebral metabolic consumption (CMRO
The measurement of the absolute rate cerebral metabolic oxygen consumption (CMRO2) is likely to offer a valuable biomarker in many brain diseases and could prove be important our understanding neural function. As such there significant interest developing robust MRI techniques that can quantify CMRO2 non-invasively. One potential method for via combination fMRI blood flow (CBF) data acquired during periods hypercapnic hyperoxic challenges. This based on two, previously independent, signal...
Prefrontal pathways exert diverse effects in widespread cortical areas, issuing projections both to the middle layers and layer I, which are anatomically functionally distinct. Here we addressed still unanswered question of whether that terminate different distinct at synaptic level. We this issue using as a model system robust significant from prefrontal areas 10 32 superior temporal rhesus monkeys. Boutons axons synapsing cortex were significantly larger than boutons I. Most synapses on...
Several techniques have been proposed to estimate relative changes in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2) by exploiting combined BOLD fMRI and blood flow data conjunction with hypercapnic or hyperoxic respiratory challenges. More recently, methods based on challenges that include both hypercapnia hyperoxia developed assess absolute CMRO2, an important parameter for understanding brain energetics. In this paper, we empirically optimize a previously presented "original...
Motivation: Advances in MRI have increased our understanding of the human brain but are frequently limited by single modality study designs. Combining data from multiple modalities/MR contrasts can enhance complex multi-scale neural relationships that underpin behaviour. Goal(s): Our goal was to create an open-access multi-scale, multi-modal imaging database healthy brain. Approach: The Welsh Advanced Neuroimaging Database (WAND) includes micro and macro-structural, functional spectroscopic...
Cerebral energy deficiency is increasingly recognised as an important feature of multiple sclerosis (MS). Until now, we have lacked non-invasive imaging methods to quantify utilisation and mitochondrial function in the human brain. Here, used novel dual-calibrated functional magnetic resonance (dc-fMRI) map grey-matter (GM) deoxy-haemoglobin sensitive cerebral blood volume (CBV dHb ), flow (CBF), oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), metabolic rate consumption (CMRO 2 ) patients with MS (PwMS)...
As energy metabolism in the brain is largely oxidative, measurement of cerebral metabolic rate oxygen consumption (CMRO2) a desirable biomarker for quantifying activity and tissue viability. Currently, PET techniques based on isotopes are gold standard obtaining whole CMRO2 maps. Among MRI that have been developed as an alternative dual calibrated fMRI (dcFMRI) methods, which exploit simultaneous measurements BOLD ASL signals during hypercapnic-hyperoxic experiment to modulate blood flow...
Structural and calibrated magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired on 44 collegiate football players prior to the season ( PRE), following first four weeks in-season PTC) one month after last game POST). Exposure collected from g-Force accelerometers mounted helmet of each player used split participants into HIGH N = 22) LOW exposure groups, based frequency impacts sustained by athlete. Significant decreases in grey-matter volume specific group documented at POST P 0.009), compared...
Objective: Identify alterations in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) based on the history of sport-related concussion (SRC). Further explore possible mechanisms underlying differences vascular physiology using hemodynamic parameters modeled calibrated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Method: End-tidal targeting and dual-echo MRI were combined to probe hypercapnic hyperoxic challenges athletes with (n = 32) without 31) a SRC. Concurrent blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) arterial spin...
BOLD fMRI signal has been used in conjunction with vasodilatory stimulation as a marker of cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR): the relative change cerebral blood flow (CBF) arising from unit stimulus. Using numerical simulations, we demonstrate that variability induced by vasodilation is strongly influenced deoxyhemoglobin-containing volume (CBV), this source likely to be more prominent than CVR. It may, therefore, appropriate describe an isometabolic proxy deoxygenated CBV (CBV
Abstract Exercise is beneficial for brain health, inducing neuroplasticity and vascular plasticity in the hippocampus, which possibly mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. Here we investigated short-term effects of exercise, to determine if a 1-week intervention sufficient induce changes. Fifteen healthy young males completed five supervised exercise training sessions over seven days. This was preceded followed multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan...
3523 Background: ARQ 197 (ARQ) is a selective non-ATP competitive inhibitor of c-Met, receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in tumor cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. Preclinical data declines circulating endothelial (CEC) levels patients (pts) receiving suggest antiangiogenic potential c-Met inhibition. Methods: was administered orally twice daily (bid) to pts with advanced solid tumors. Pre post-therapy biopsies were mandated for FAK immunohistochemical studies during dose...
Increased expression of choline kinase has frequently been shown in tumours and is thought to be associated with disease progression. Studies using magnetic resonance spectroscopy have an increase total choline‐containing metabolites (tCho) tumour compared healthy tissue. Subsequent reductions tCho following successful treatment support the use as a biomarker response. However, accurate measurement MRS abdominal complicated by respiratory motion, blurring acquisition volume degrading...