A5042890723- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Immune cells in cancer
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Hepatitis C virus research
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- interferon and immune responses
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Microscopic Colitis
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2019-2024
National Institutes of Health
2013-2024
Washington University in St. Louis
2016-2018
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
2013-2017
Midwest Therapeutic Endoscopy
2013
University of California, San Diego
2009
Commensals rule the MAITrix Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells play an important role in mucosal homeostasis. MAIT recognize microbial small molecules presented by major histocompatibility complex class Ib molecule MR1. are absent germ-free mice, and mechanisms which microbiota control cell development unknown (see Perspective Oh Unutmaz). Legoux et al. show that, of within thymus is governed bacterial product 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6- d -ribitylaminouracil, rapidly traffics from...
Although millions of distinct virus species likely exist, only approximately 9000 are catalogued in GenBank's RefSeq database. We selectively enriched for the genomes circular DNA viruses over 70 animal samples, ranging from nematodes to human tissue specimens. A bioinformatics pipeline, Cenote-Taker, was developed automatically annotate 2500 complete a GenBank-compliant format. The new belong dozens established and emerging viral families. Some appear be result previously undescribed...
The microbiota plays a fundamental role in regulating host immunity. However, the processes involved initiation and regulation of immunity to remain largely unknown. Here, we show that skin promotes discrete expression defined endogenous retroviruses (ERVs). Keratinocyte-intrinsic responses ERVs depended on cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator interferon genes protein (STING) signaling promoted induction commensal-specific T cells. Inhibition ERV reverse transcription significantly...
Bacteriophage modulation of microbial populations impacts critical processes in ocean, soil, and animal ecosystems. However, the role bacteriophages with RNA genomes (RNA bacteriophages) these is poorly understood, part because limited number known bacteriophage species. Here, we identify partial genome sequences 122 phylotypes that are highly divergent from each other previously described bacteriophages. These novel were present samples collected a range ecological niches worldwide,...
NKG2D is a receptor used by NK cells to detect virally infected and transformed cells. It recognizes ligands that are expressed constitutively on primary tumors tumor cell lines. In this report, we have identified four microRNAs (miRNAs) each was sufficient reduce the expression of ligand MHC class I-related chain A (MICA). One these miRNAs (miR-520b) induced IFN-gamma, leading reduction in MICA surface protein levels. Interestingly, miR-520b acted both 3'-untranslated region promoter caused...
Cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to regulate hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication, yet a systematic interrogation of the repertoire miRNAs impacting HCV life cycle is lacking. Here we apply integrative functional genomics strategies elucidate global HCV-miRNA interactions. Through genome-wide miRNA mimic and hairpin inhibitor phenotypic screens, miRNA-mRNA transcriptomics analyses, identify three proviral nine antiviral that interact with HCV. These are functionally linked...
Abstract Age-related microangiopathy, also known as small vessel disease (SVD), causes damage to the brain, retina, liver, and kidney. Based on DNA theory of aging, we reasoned that genomic instability may underlie an SVD caused by dominant C-terminal variants in TREX1, most abundant 3′−5′ exonuclease mammals. TREX1 cause adult-onset retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy (RVCL or RVCL-S). In RVCL, aberrant, C-terminally truncated mislocalizes nucleus due deletion its...
Quick and accurate identification of microbial pathogens is essential for both diagnosis response to emerging infectious diseases. The advent next-generation sequencing technology offers an unprecedented platform rapid sequencing-based novel viruses. We have developed a customized bioinformatics data analysis pipeline, VirusHunter, the Roche/454 other long read Next generation data. To illustrate utility we performed GS FLX titanium on two unclassified virus isolates from World Reference...
ABSTRACT Cas1 integrase is the key enzyme of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas adaptation module that mediates acquisition spacers derived from foreign DNA by CRISPR arrays. In diverse bacteria, cas1 gene fused (or adjacent) to a encoding reverse transcriptase (RT) related group II intron RTs. An RT-Cas1 fusion protein has been recently shown enable RNA. Phylogenetic analysis CRISPR-associated RTs demonstrates monophyly fusion, and coevolution RT domains....
Next-generation sequencing has expanded our understanding of the viral populations that constitute mammalian virome. We describe a novel taxon viruses named Statoviruses, for Stool associated Tombus-like viruses, present in multiple metagenomic datasets. These define clade is phylogenetically related to RNA virus families Tombusviridae and Flaviviridae. Five distinct statovirus types were identified human, macaque, mouse, cow gastrointestinal tract samples. The prototype genome, A, was...
Summary Although it is suspected that there are millions of distinct viral species, fewer than 9,000 catalogued in GenBank’s RefSeq database. We selectively enriched for and amplified the genomes circular DNA viruses over 70 animal samples, ranging from cultured soil nematodes to human tissue specimens. A bioinformatics pipeline, Cenote-Taker, was developed automatically annotate 2,500 a GenBank-compliant format. The new belong dozens established emerging families. Some appear be result...
Abstract Early-life microbial colonization has been shown to impart long-lasting effects on host fitness. Because mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are predominantly located in tissues colonized by the microbiota and characterized their recognition of microbial-derived riboflavin intermediates, they thought be particularly dependent microbiota. However, little is known about development how contribute tissue physiology. MAIT accumulated barrier between 2 3 weeks age, suggesting...
Abstract Maintenance of tissue integrity is a requirement host survival. This mandate prime importance at barrier sites that are constitutively exposed to the environment. Here, we show exposure skin non-inflammatory xenobiotics promotes repair; more specifically, mild detergent reactivation defined retroelements leading induction retroelement-specific CD8 + T cells. These cell responses Langerhans dependent and establish residency within skin. Upon injury, cells significantly accelerate...
Abstract Positive‐strand RNA viruses have been the cause of several recent outbreaks and epidemics, including Zika virus epidemic in 2015, SARS outbreak 2003, ongoing SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. On June 18–22, 2022, researchers focusing on positive‐strand met for Keystone Symposium “Positive‐Strand Viruses” to share latest research molecular cell biology, virology, immunology, vaccinology, antiviral drug development. This report presents concise summaries scientific discussions at symposium.
Abstract Barrier tissues such as the skin and gut are host to a variety of microbes collectively termed microbiota. To maintain homeostasis, sufficient exposure microbiota is necessary, however, diseases Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), have been described occurring amidst breakdown in normal communication between microbe. Fundamentally, IBD disease aberrant immune activation epithelial barrier dysfunction. At barrier, we previously H2-M3 restricted, CD8 +T cell response mice after topical...
Abstract Endogenous retrovirus (ERVs) result from accumulated germline infections by ancient exogenous retroviruses and constitute a sizable proportion of the mammalian genome. Recent findings support idea that these elements control tissue immune threshold activation inflammation. Within this context, our lab has recently described that, in skin, beneficial immunity to microbiota depends on endogenous expression. How crosstalk between ERVs controls at other barrier sites how dysregulation...
Abstract NKG2D is a receptor used by NK cells to detect virally infected and transformed cells. It recognizes ligands that are expressed constitutively on primary tumors tumor cell lines. We have identified four microRNAs (miRNAs) each was sufficient reduce the expression of ligand MHC class I-related chain A (MICA). These include miR-106b, -302b, -372, -520b. Interestingly, mir-372 also found another ligand, UL-16 binding protein 2 (ULBP2). One these miRNAs (miR-520b) induced IFN-gamma,...