A5017082748- Spaceflight effects on biology
- Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Cellular transport and secretion
- 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- High Altitude and Hypoxia
- Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
- Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Nerve injury and regeneration
- Pregnancy-related medical research
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Medical and Biological Ozone Research
- Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
VIR Biotechnology (United States)
2020-2024
Hôpital Pasteur
2019
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice
2019
Takeda (United States)
2015-2019
University of Regensburg
2009-2018
University Hospital Regensburg
2013-2017
Takeda (United Kingdom)
2007-2016
Takeda (Japan)
2010-2015
Ingenium (Germany)
2003-2010
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
1994-2009
Interest in how the gut microbiome can influence metabolic state of host has recently heightened. One postulated link is bacterial fermentation “indigestible” prebiotics to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which turn modulate release hormones controlling insulin and appetite. We show here that SCFAs trigger secretion incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 from mixed colonic cultures vitro. Quantitative PCR revealed enriched expression SCFA receptors ffar2 (grp43) ffar3 (gpr41)...
Gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are commonly associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Direct consequences obstipation or diarrhea opposite aspects of the irritable bowel syndrome, more indirectly, alteration appetite, feeling fullness, flatulence, bloatedness, eventually leading to altered absorption nutrients. Moreover, GI retention passage times have been recognized important factors in determining release site hence bioavailability orally...
Changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels regulate a variety of fundamental cellular functions virtually all cells. In nonexcitable cells, major pathway entry involves receptor-mediated depletion intracellular stores followed by the activation store-operated calcium channels plasma membrane. We have established mouse line expressing an activating EF hand motif mutant stromal interaction molecule 1 (Stim1), ER receptor recently identified as sensor responsible for release–activated (CRAC) T whose...
Significance Hormonal factors from specialized enteroendocrine cells in the gut epithelium link availability of dietary nutrients to energy utilization and storage. Many hormones also affect behaviors such as appetite foraging, conveying for example satiating effects food consumption. Here we identify insulin-like peptide 5 (Insl5) a product colonic endocrine L-cells, show that levels were elevated calorie-restricted mice reduced after feeding. Consistent with this profile Insl5...
This study focuses on the effects of short-term [22 s, parabolic flight campaign (PFC)] and long-term (10 d, Shenzhou 8 space mission) real microgravity changes in cytokine secretion gene expression patterns poorly differentiated thyroid cancer cells. FTC-133 cells were cultured a random positioning machine (RPM) for 10 to evaluate differences between simulated microgravity. Multianalyte profiling was used 128 secreted cytokines. Microarray analysis revealed 63 significantly regulated...
Abstract Serotonergic neurones are among the first to develop in central nervous system. Their survival and maturation is promoted by a variety of factors, including serotonin itself, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) S100β, an astrocyte‐specific Ca 2+ binding protein. Here, we used BDNF‐deficient mice cell cultures embryonic raphe determine whether or not BDNF effects on developing serotonergic influenced its action glial cells. In BDNF–/– mice, number serotonin‐immunoreactive...
Adhesion-GPCRs provide essential cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in development, have been implicated inherited human diseases like Usher Syndrome bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria. They are the second largest subfamily of seven-transmembrane spanning proteins vertebrates, but function most these receptors is still not understood. The orphan Adhesion-GPCR GPR126 has recently shown to play an role myelination peripheral nerves zebrafish. In parallel, whole-genome association...
Extracellular matrix proteins, adhesion molecules, and cytoskeletal proteins form a dynamic network interacting with signalling molecules as an adaptive response to altered gravity. An important issue is the exact differentiation between real microgravity responses of cells or cellular reactions hypergravity and/or vibrations. To determine effects on human cells, we used four DLR parabolic flight campaigns focused short-term (22 s), (1.8 g), vibrations ML-1 thyroid cancer cells. No signs...
Knockout mice studies implicate the mammalian short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) receptors, FFAR2 and FFAR3- in colitis, arthritis asthma. However, correlation with human biology is uncertain. Here, we detected FFAR3 expression monocytes via immunohistochemistry. Upon treatment acetate SCFA or FFAR2- FFAR3-specific synthetic agonists, displayed elevated p38 phosphorylation attenuated C5, CCL1, CCL2, GM-CSF, IL-1α, IL-1β ICAM-1 inflammatory cytokine expression. Acetate agonist also repressed Akt...
This study focused on the effects induced by a random positioning machine (RPM) FTC-133 thyroid cancer cells and evaluated signaling elements involved in 3-dimensional multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) formation. The were cultured RPM, device developed to simulate microgravity, under static 1-g conditions. After 24 h MCTSs swimming culture supernatants found, addition growth of adherent (AD) cells. Cells grown RPM showed higher levels NF-κB p65 protein apoptosis than controls, result also...
This study focused on the effects of short-term microgravity (22 s) gene expression and morphology endothelial cells (ECs) evaluated gravisensitive signaling elements. ECs were investigated during four German Space Agency (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt) parabolic flight campaigns. Hoechst 33342 acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining showed no signs cell death in after 31 parabolas (P31). Gene array analysis revealed 320 significantly regulated genes first parabola (P1) P31....
Free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2) is expressed on enteroendocrine L cells that release glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and YY (PYY) when activated by short-chain acids (SCFAs). Functionally GLP-1 PYY inhibit gut transit, increase glucose tolerance, suppress appetite; thus, FFA2 has therapeutic potential for type diabetes obesity. However, FFA2-selective agonists have not been characterized in vivo. Compound (Cpd 1), a potent agonist, was tested its activity the following: release, modulation...
Real and simulated microgravity induce a variety of changes in human cells. Most importantly, the cytoskeleton have been noted, studies on microtubules shown that they are gravisensitive. This study focuses effects short-term real gene expression, protein content, cytoskeletal structure chondrocytes. We cultivated chondrocytes, took them along parabolic flight during 24th Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Parabolic (DLR) Flight Campaign, fixed after 1st 31st parabola....
In this study we focused on gravity-sensitive proteins of two human thyroid cancer cell lines (ML-1; RO82-W-1), which were exposed to a 2D clinostat (CLINO), random positioning machine (RPM) and normal 1g-conditions. After three (3d)- or seven-day-culture (7d) the devices, found both types growing three-dimensionally within multicellular spheroids (MCS) also cells remaining adherent (AD) culture flask, while 1g-control cultures only formed monolayers, unless bottom dish was covered by...
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a common feature of the metabolic syndrome and toxic reactions to pharmacological drugs. Tamoxifen, (TMX) widely used anti-breast cancer drug, can induce NASH changes in plasma cholesterol levels through mechanisms that are unclear. We studied primary actions TMX using short-term treatment (5 days) induces microvesicular hepatic steatosis marked hypercholesterolemia male rats. Using combined approach gene expression profiling NMR-based metabolite...
Abstract Many space missions have shown that prolonged flights may increase the risk of cardiovascular problems. Using a three‐dimensional clinostat, we investigated human endothelial EA.hy926 cells up to 10 days under conditions simulated microgravity (µg) distinguish transient from long‐term effects µg and 1g. Maximum expression all selected genes occurred after min clinorotation. Gene (osteopontin, Fas, TGF‐β 1 ) declined slightly upregulated levels or rose again (caspase‐3) fourth day...
Tissue engineering is a strategy of cartilage regeneration, but scaffolds, required for 3D growth chondrocytes, are still problem.Searching possibilities to improve scaffold-free cartilage, we characterized human chondrocytes incubated on random positioning machine (RPM) simulate microgravity (microg).When cultured in simulated microg, start forming cell assemblies within 5 days. After 24h, could not detect caspase-3, Fas, p53 or Bcl-2 proteins these cells, Annexin V flow cytometry, however,...
Abstract Background : Adhesion G protein‐coupled receptors (aGPCR) constitute a structurally and functionally diverse class of seven‐transmembrane receptor proteins. Although for some the members important roles in immunology, neurology, as well developmental biology have been suggested, most poorly characterized. Results We studied evolution, expression, function an entire group containing four uncharacterized aGPCR: Gpr110 , Gpr111 Gpr115 Gpr116 . show that genomic loci these are clustered...