A5001137685- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Immune cells in cancer
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Exercise and Physiological Responses
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Genetics and Physical Performance
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
Karolinska Institutet
2017-2025
Karolinska University Hospital
2017-2025
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
2021-2024
Stockholm University
2022-2024
New York Proton Center
2023
Tisch Cancer Institute
2023
Naval Medical Research Command
2021
United States Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH
2021
The transcription factor TOX is not exclusively linked to T cell exhaustion (see related Focus by Utzschneider and Kallies).
The immunopathology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains enigmatic, causing immunodysregulation and T cell lymphopenia. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) are suppressors that expand in inflammatory conditions, but their role acute respiratory infections unclear. We studied the blood airways patients with COVID-19 across severities at multiple time points. M-MDSC frequencies were elevated not nasopharyngeal or endotracheal aspirates compared healthy controls....
BackgroundThe efficacy of public health measures to control the transmission severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been well studied in young adults.MethodsWe investigated SARS-CoV-2 infections among U.S. Marine Corps recruits who underwent a 2-week quarantine at home followed by second supervised closed college campus that involved mask wearing, social distancing, and daily temperature symptom monitoring. Study volunteers were tested for means quantitative...
NK cells in the human lung respond to influenza A virus- (IAV-) infected target cells. However, detailed functional capacity of and peripheral blood remains be determined IAV other respiratory viral infections. Here, we investigated effects infection on vitro ex vivo following clinical infection. lung- blood-derived mononuclear induced cell hyperresponsiveness K562 cells, including increased degranulation cytokine production particularly CD56brightCD16- subset Furthermore, CD16- showed...
Respiratory viral infections with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses commonly induce a strong infiltration of immune cells into the human lung, potential detrimental effects on integrity lung tissue. Despite comprising largest fractions circulating lymphocytes in rather little is known about how peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell T subsets are equipped for lung-homing COVID-19 influenza. Here, we provide detailed comparative analysis NK patients infected or virus, focusing protein gene...
Young adults infected with SARS-CoV-2 are frequently asymptomatic or develop only mild disease. Because capturing representative and cases require active surveillance, they less characterized than moderate severe of COVID-19. However, a better understanding infections might shed light into the immune mechanisms associated control symptoms protection. To this aim, we have determined temporal dynamics humoral response, as well serum inflammatory profile, in cohort 172 initially seronegative...
During respiratory viral infections, the precise roles of monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) in nasopharynx limiting infection influencing disease severity are incompletely described. We studied circulating nasopharyngeal DCs healthy controls (HCs) patients with mild to moderate infections (primarily influenza A virus [IAV]). As compared HCs, acute IAV displayed reduced DC but increased intermediate frequencies blood, an accumulation most monocyte subsets nasopharynx. had more mature...
Understanding the presence and durability of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in airways is required to provide insights into ability individuals neutralize virus locally prevent viral spread. Here, we longitudinally assessed both systemic airway immune responses upon infection a clinically well-characterized cohort 147 infected representing full spectrum COVID-19 severity, from asymptomatic fatal disease. In addition, evaluated how vaccination influenced antibody subset these during...
Abstract DNA methylation comprises a cumulative record of lifetime exposures superimposed on genetically determined markers. Little is known about dynamics in humans following an acute perturbation, such as infection. We characterized the temporal trajectory blood epigenetic remodeling 133 participants prospective study young adults before, during, and after asymptomatic mildly symptomatic SARS‐CoV‐2 The differential caused by or infections was indistinguishable. While gene expression...
Monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs) are essential players in the immune response to infections, involved shaping innate adaptive immunity. However, a complete understanding of their specific roles respiratory including SARS-CoV-2, remains elusive. To investigate dynamics monocytes DCs blood as well upper lower airways, we sampled 147 patients with varying degree COVID-19 severity longitudinally during spring 2020. Using flow cytometry, proteomics vitro TLR stimulation, found differences...
Hantaviruses infect humans via inhalation of virus-contaminated rodent excreta. Infection can cause severe disease with up to 40% mortality depending on the viral strain. The virus primarily targets vascular endothelium without direct cytopathic effects. Instead, exaggerated immune responses may inadvertently contribute development. Mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs), including monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs), orchestrate adaptive responses. Since hantaviruses are transmitted inhalation,...
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection constitutes an annual health burden across the globe. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are central in antiviral defense because of their superior capacity to produce type I IFNs response viruses. Dendritic (DCs) differ depending on anatomical location. However, only limited host-pathogen data available from initial site humans. In this study, we investigated how human tonsil PDCs, likely exposed location, responded IAV compared with peripheral blood PDCs....
Innate immune cells like monocytes patrol the vasculature and mucosal surfaces, recognize pathogens, rapidly redistribute to affected tissues cause inflammation by secretion of cytokines. We previously showed that are reduced in blood but accumulate airways patients with Puumala virus (PUUV) caused hemorrhagic fever renal syndrome (HFRS). However, dynamics monocyte infiltration kidneys during HFRS, its impact on disease severity currently unknown. Here, we examined longitudinal peripheral...
Male sex is a major risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection severity. To understand the basis this difference, we studied in young adult cohort of United States Marine recruits. Among 2,641 male and 244 female unvaccinated seronegative recruits longitudinally, infections occurred 1,033 males 137 females. We identified differences symptoms, viral load, blood transcriptome, RNA splicing, proteomic signatures. Females had higher pre-infection expression antiviral interferon-stimulated gene (ISG)...
Background: Marine recruits training at Parris Island experienced an unexpectedly high rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, despite preventive measures including a supervised, 2-week, pre-entry quarantine. We characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission in this cohort. Methods: Between May and November 2020, we monitored 2,469 unvaccinated, mostly male, prospectively during basic training. If participants tested negative for by quantitative polymerase chain...
The epigenome influences gene regulation and phenotypes in response to exposures. Epigenome assessment can determine exposure history aiding diagnosis.
In a study of US Marine recruits, seroprevalence severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 IgG was 9.0%. Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black participants from states affected earlier in the pandemic had higher seropositivity rates. These results suggest need for targeted public health strategies among young adults at increased risk infection.
Abstract The immunopathology of COVID-19 remains enigmatic, exhibiting immunodysregulation and T cell lymphopenia. Monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) are suppressors that expand in inflammatory conditions, but their role acute respiratory infections unclear. We studied blood airways patients across disease severity at multiple timepoints. M-MDSC frequencies were elevated not nasopharyngeal or endotracheal aspirates compared to controls. M-MDSCs isolated from suppressed...
Summary Background The risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) subsequent infection among seropositive young adults was studied prospectively. Methods study population comprised 3,249 predominantly male, 18-20-year-old Marine recruits. Upon arrival at a Marine-supervised two-week quarantine, participants were assessed for baseline SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity, defined as 1:150 dilution or greater on receptor binding domain and full-length spike protein...
Abstract Respiratory viral infections with SARS-CoV-2 or influenza viruses commonly induce a strong infiltration of immune cells into the lung, potential detrimental effects on integrity lung tissue. Despite comprising largest fractions circulating lymphocytes in little is known about how blood natural killer (NK) and T cell subsets are equipped for lung-homing COVID-19 influenza. Using 28-colour flow cytometry re-analysis published RNA-seq datasets, we provide detailed comparative analysis...
We investigated the temporal profile of multiple components serological response after asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, in a cohort 67 previously naive young adults, up to 8.5 months infection. found significant decrease spike IgG and neutralization antibody titers from early (11 56 days) late (4 months) time points postinfection. Over study period, S1-specific levels declined significantly faster than that S2-specific IgG. Further, serum antibodies PCR-confirmed...