A5031026984- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Genetics and Physical Performance
- MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Sports Performance and Training
- Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Health, Education, and Physical Culture
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Glycogen Storage Diseases and Myoclonus
- Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Circular RNAs in diseases
Biomedical Research Institute
2025
Joslin Diabetes Center
2014-2024
Harvard University
2014-2024
Brigham and Women's Hospital
2014-2022
Hôpital de l'Enfant-Jésus
2012-2015
Université Laval
2015
University of Regina
2014
University of Ottawa
2008-2013
RMIT University
2003-2012
Montfort Hospital
2008
Regular exercise promotes whole-body health and prevents disease, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood
Older individuals have a reduced capacity to induce muscle hypertrophy with resistance exercise (RE), which may contribute the age-induced loss of mass and function, sarcopenia. We tested novel hypothesis that dysregulation microRNAs (miRNAs) plasticity aging. Skeletal expression profiling protein-coding genes miRNA was performed in younger (YNG) older (OLD) men after an acute bout RE. 21 miRNAs were altered by RE YNG men, while no RE-induced changes observed OLD men. This striking absence...
Abstract Skeletal muscle has a remarkable plasticity to adapt and remodel in response environmental cues, such as physical exercise. Endurance exercise stimulates improvements oxidative capacity, while resistance induces growth. Here we show that the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is molecular switch when active, fibers grow, resulting increased mass. Conversely, JNK activation suppressed, an alternative remodeling program initiated, smaller, more fibers, enhanced aerobic fitness. When...
We determined the effect of coingestion caffeine (Caff) with carbohydrate (CHO) on rates muscle glycogen resynthesis during recovery from exhaustive exercise in seven trained subjects who completed two experimental trials a randomized, double-blind crossover design. The evening before an experiment performed intermittent cycling and then consumed low-CHO meal. next morning rode until volitional fatigue. On completion this ride either CHO [4 g/kg body mass (BM)] or same amount + Caff (8 mg/kg...
Both pharmacological intervention (i.e., thiazolidinediones [TZDs]) and lifestyle modification exercise training) are clinically effective treatments for improving whole-body insulin sensitivity. However, the mechanism(s) by which these therapies reverse lipid-induced resistance in skeletal muscle is unclear. We determined effects of 4 weeks rosiglitazone treatment training their combined actions (rosiglitazone on lipid glucose metabolism high-fat-fed rats. High-fat feeding resulted...
The signaling mechanisms that mediate the important effects of contraction to increase glucose transport in skeletal muscle are not well understood, but known occur through an insulin-independent mechanism. Muscle-specific knockout LKB1, upstream kinase for AMPK and AMPK-related protein kinases, significantly inhibited contraction-stimulated transport. This finding, conjunction with previous studies ablated AMPKα2 activity showing no effect on transport, suggests one or more kinases this...
Low aerobic exercise capacity is a risk factor for diabetes and strong predictor of mortality, yet some individuals are "exercise-resistant" unable to improve through training. To test the hypothesis that resistance training underlies metabolic disease risk, we used selective breeding 15 generations develop rat models low high response Before training, rats selected as responders had similar capacities. However, after 8 weeks treadmill failed their capacity, whereas improved by 54%....
Circulating microRNA (c-miRNA) have the potential to function as novel noninvasive markers of underlying physiological state skeletal muscle. This investigation sought determine influence aging on c-miRNA expression at rest and following resistance exercise in male volunteers (Young: n = 9; Older: 9). Primary findings were that fasting profiles significantly predictive aging, with miR-19b-3p, miR-206, miR-486 distinguishing between age groups. Following exercise, principal component analysis...
While regular physical activity is a cornerstone of health, wellness, and vitality, the impact endurance exercise training on molecular signaling within across tissues remains to be delineated. The Molecular Transducers Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) was established characterize networks underlying adaptive response exercise. Here, we describe studies undertaken by Preclinical Animal Sites Studies component MoTrPAC, in which sought develop implement standardized protocol large cohort...
We have previously reported that 5 days of a high-fat diet followed by 1 day high-carbohydrate intake (Fat-adapt) increased rates fat oxidation and decreased muscle glycogenolysis during submaximal cycling compared with consumption an isoenergetic (HCHO) for 6 (Burke et al. J Appl Physiol 89: 2413-2421, 2000; Stellingwerff Am Endocrinol Metab 290: E380-E388, 2006). To determine potential mechanisms underlying shifts in substrate selection, eight trained subjects performed Fat-adapt HCHO. On...
Chronic metabolic diseases develop from the complex interaction of environmental and genetic factors, although extent to which each contributes these disorders is unknown. Here, we test hypothesis that artificial selection for low intrinsic aerobic running capacity associated with reduced skeletal muscle metabolism impaired health. Rat models low- (LCR) high- (HCR) were derived genetically heterogeneous N:NIH stock 20 generations. Artificial produced a 530% difference in between LCR/HCR, was...
Journal Article Medication discrepancies affecting senior patients at hospital admission Get access Sarah Lessard, Pharm.D., BCPS, BCPS Clinical Pharmacist Gundersen Lutheran, LaCrosse, WI; when this article was written, she Pharmacy Practice Resident, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, MI Address correspondence to Dr. Lessard 1910 South Avenue, MS H01-005, WI 54601 (srlessar@gundluth.org). Search for other works by author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Jaci DeYoung, BCNSP, BCNSP Program...
Rats selectively bred for high endurance running capacity (HCR) have higher insulin sensitivity and improved metabolic health compared with those low (LCR). We investigated several skeletal muscle characteristics, in vitro vivo, that could contribute to the phenotypes observed sedentary LCR HCR rats. After 16 generations of selective breeding, had approximately 400% (P < 0.001), lower fasting plasma glucose triglycerides 0.05) LCR. Skeletal ceramide diacylglycerol content, basal...
<title>Abstract</title> VO2peak is a key health benefit of aerobic exercise; however, chronic hyperglycemia associated with persistently low due to an impaired adaptive response training. Here, we tested whether reducing blood glucose low-carbohydrate/high-fat “ketogenic” diet could restore exercise adaptation in mouse model hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) and mice were stratified standard chow (STZ-CHOW), or ketogenic (STZ-KETO), which rapidly normalized...
We hypothesized that improved glucose tolerance with rosiglitazone treatment would coincide decreased levels of i.m. triacylglycerol (IMTG), diacylglycerol, and ceramide. Obese Zucker rats were randomly divided into two experimental groups: control (n = 9) 9), lean acting as a group for obese controls. Rats received either vehicle or 3 mg/kg 6 wk. Glucose was impaired (P < 0.01) in compared rats, but normalized after treatment. IMTG content higher (70.5 +/- 5.1 vs. 27.5 2.0 micromol/g dry...
Rosiglitazone (RSG) is an insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione (TZD) that exerts peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)-dependent and -independent effects. We tested the hypothesis part of effect RSG mediated through action AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). First, we determined acute (30–60 min) incubation L6 myotubes with on AMPK regulation palmitate oxidation. Compared control (DMSO), 200 μM increased ( P < 0.05) AMPKα1 activity phosphorylation (Thr 172 ). In addition,...
The serine/threonine protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is regulated by insulin and nutrient availability has been proposed to play a central role as sensor in skeletal muscle. mTOR associates with its binding partners, raptor rictor, form two structurally functionally distinct complexes, complex 1 (mTORC1) 2 (mTORC2) respectively. We have investigated the assembly mTORC1/2 activation their downstream substrates (i.e. Akt, S6K1) response known effectors mTOR, excess lipid...
We have used a novel model of genetically imparted endurance exercise capacity and metabolic health to study the genetic environmental contributions skeletal muscle glucose lipid metabolism. hypothesized that abnormalities associated with low intrinsic running would be ameliorated by training. Selective breeding for 22 generations resulted in rat models fivefold difference aerobic capacity. Low (LCR)- high (HCR)-capacity runners remained sedentary (SED) or underwent 6 wk training (EXT)....
In this paper we draw upon a narrative inquiry alongside urban Aboriginal youth and their families in western Canada; the overall goal of our was to understand educational schooling experiences. Shifting focus from schools as only place where curriculum is made, on conceptualization children, youth, also engaged makers homes communities in-between places schools. explore multiple curriculum-making worlds Lane Donovan, two youth. As part understanding relationships between, intersections of,...
Impaired visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several lifestyle-related disease states, with diminished expression WAT mitochondrial genes reported both insulin-resistant humans and rodents. We have used rat models selectively bred for low- (LCR) or high-intrinsic running capacity (HCR) that present simultaneously divergent metabolic phenotypes to test hypothesis oxidative enzyme is reduced epididymal from LCR animals. Based on this...
Purpose: It is not known whether it possible to repeatedly supercompensate muscle glycogen stores after exhaustive exercise bouts undertaken within several days. Methods: We evaluated the effect of repeated exercise-diet manipulation on and triacylglycerol (IMTG) metabolism capacity in six well-trained subjects who completed an intermittent, cycling protocol (EX) three occasions separated by 48 h (i.e., days 1, 3, 5) a 5-d period. Twenty-four hours before day consumed moderate (6...