A5066895396- Hepatitis C virus research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Respiratory viral infections research
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
Imperial College London
2016-2025
Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust
2013-2025
National Institute for Health Research
2018-2024
NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
2020-2024
Open Data Institute
2024
Johns Hopkins Hospital
2024
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
2024
University of Washington
2024
Health Data Research UK
2024
UK Dementia Research Institute
2024
IMPORTANCECancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide.Current estimates cancer burden in individual countries and regions are necessary to inform local control strategies.OBJECTIVE To estimate mortality, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 28 cancers 188 by sex from 1990 2013. EVIDENCE REVIEWThe general methodology Global Burden Disease (GBD) 2013 study was used.Cancer registries were source incidence data as...
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exhibits high genetic diversity, characterized by regional variations in genotype prevalence. This poses a challenge to the improved development of vaccines and pan‐genotypic treatments, which require consideration global trends HCV Here we provide first comprehensive survey these trends. To approximate national prevalence, studies published between 1989 2013 reporting genotypes are reviewed combined with overall prevalence estimates from Global Burden Disease (GBD)...
SummaryBackgroundSevere COVID-19 has a high mortality rate. Comprehensive pathological descriptions of are scarce and limited in scope. We aimed to describe the histopathological findings viral tropism patients who died severe COVID-19.MethodsIn this case series, were considered eligible if they older than 18 years, with premortem diagnosis acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection listed clinically as direct cause death. Between March 1 April 30, 2020, full post-mortem examinations...
<h3>Background</h3> Simple and inexpensive non-invasive fibrosis tests are highly needed but have been poorly studied in sub-Saharan Africa. <h3>Methods</h3> Using liver histology as a gold standard, we developed novel index using routine laboratory to predict significant patients with chronic HBV infection The Gambia, West We prospectively assessed the diagnostic accuracy of index, Fibroscan, aspartate transaminase-to-platelet ratio (APRI), Fib-4 Gambian CHB (training set) also French...
Long COVID remains a broadly defined syndrome, with estimates of prevalence and duration varying widely. We use data from rounds 3-5 the REACT-2 study (n = 508,707; September 2020 - February 2021), representative community survey adults in England, replication round 6 97,717; May 2021) to estimate identify predictors persistent symptoms lasting 12 weeks or more; unsupervised learning cluster individuals by reported symptoms. At 3-5, 37.7% experienced at least one symptom, falling 21.6% 6....
The revolution in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment through the development of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has generated international interest global elimination disease as a public health threat. In 2017, this led WHO to establish targets for 2030. We evaluated impact interventions on HCV epidemic and investigated whether WHO's could be met.
Abstract England has experienced a large outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, disproportionately affecting people from disadvantaged and ethnic minority communities. It is unclear how much this excess due to differences in exposure associated with structural inequalities. Here, we report the REal-time Assessment Community Transmission-2 (REACT-2) national study over 100,000 people. After adjusting for test characteristics re-weighting population, overall antibody prevalence 6.0% (95% CI: 5.8-6.1). An...
Vaccination and disease The United Kingdom has high rates of vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exceeding 80% adults. As immunity wanes social distancing is relaxed, how are illness affected by more infectious variants? Elliott et al . used reverse transcription PCR data from the REACT-1 study, which showed exponential transmission as Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) was replaced Delta (B.1.617.2). After adjusting age other variables, vaccine effectiveness...
Abstract Background England, UK has experienced a large outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As in USA and elsewhere, disadvantaged communities have been disproportionately affected. Methods National REal-time Assessment Community Transmission-2 (REACT-2) prevalence study using self-administered lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test for IgG among random population sample 100,000 adults over 18 years 20 June to 13 July 2020. Results Data were available 109,076 participants, yielding 5,544...
Background England, UK has experienced a large outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As in USA and elsewhere, disadvantaged communities have been disproportionately affected. Methods National REal-time Assessment Community Transmission-2 (REACT-2) seroprevalence study using self-administered lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test for IgG among random population sample 100,000 adults over 18 years England, 20 June to 13 July 2020. Results Completed questionnaires were available 109,076...
Abstract Background The prevalence and persistence of antibodies following a peak SARS-CoV-2 infection provides insights into its spread in the community, likelihood reinfection potential for some level population immunity. Methods Prevalence antibody positivity England, UK (REACT2) with three cross-sectional surveys between late June September 2020. 365104 adults used self-administered lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test IgG. A laboratory comparison LFIA results to neutralization activity...
Accurate antibody tests are essential to monitor the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) can deliver testing at scale. However, reported performance varies, and sensitivity analyses have generally been conducted on serum from hospitalised patients. For use in community testing, evaluation of finger-prick self-tests, non-hospitalised individuals, is required.Sensitivity analysis was 276 participants. All had tested positive for by reverse transcription PCR were ≥21 days...
Population antibody surveillance helps track immune responses to COVID-19 vaccinations at scale, and identify host factors that may affect production. We analyse data from 212,102 vaccinated individuals within the REACT-2 programme in England, which uses self-administered lateral flow tests sequential cross-sectional community samples; 71,923 (33.9%) received least one dose of BNT162b2 vaccine 139,067 (65.6%) ChAdOx1. For both vaccines, positivity peaks 4-5 weeks after first then declines....
The unprecedented rise in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections during December 2021 was concurrent with rapid spread of the Omicron variant England and globally. We analyzed prevalence SARS-CoV-2 its dynamics from end November to mid-December among almost 100,000 participants REACT-1 study. Prevalence high growth nationally particularly London 2021, an increasing proportion due Omicron. observed large decreases swab positivity mostly vaccinated older...
BackgroundThe effects that therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are not yet fully known. Therefore, we sought determine whether COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody were altered in patients with IBD commonly used immunosuppressive drugs.MethodsIn this multicentre, prospective, case-control study (VIP), recruited adults treated one of six different treatment regimens (thiopurines, infliximab, a thiopurine plus ustekinumab, vedolizumab,...
Summary Background Long COVID, describing the long-term sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection, remains a poorly defined syndrome. There is uncertainty about its predisposing factors and extent of resultant public health burden, with estimates prevalence duration varying widely. Methods Within rounds 3–5 REACT-2 study, 508,707 people in community England were asked prior history COVID-19 presence 29 different symptoms. We used uni-and multivariable models to identify predictors persistence...