Abstract The authors have previously shown that acute lung injury (ALI) produces a wide spectrum of pathological processes in patients who die severe respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the SARS coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) nucleoprotein is detectable lungs, other organs tissues, these patients. In present study, immunohistochemistry (IHC) situ hybridization (ISH) assays were used to analyse expression angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), SARS‐CoV spike (S) protein, some pro‐inflammatory cytokines...

Summary BACKGROUND Nucleic acid test and antibody assay have been employed in the diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but use of viral antigen has not successfully developed. Theoretically, is specific marker virus precedes appearance within infected population. There a clear need detection rapid early diagnosis. METHODS We included cohort 239 participants with suspected infection from 7 centers study. measured nucleocapsid protein nasopharyngeal swab samples parallel nucleic test. was taken...

Cross-reactivity between antibodies to different human coronaviruses (HCoVs) has not been systematically studied. By use of Western blot analysis, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), antigenic cross-reactivity severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)—associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 2 HCoVs (229E OC43) was demonstrated in immunized animals serum. In 5 11 10 patients with SARS, paired serum samples showed a ⩾4-fold increase antibody titers...

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which spread primary via droplets and infects lungs. Currently widely used cell lines animals are unable to accurately mimic human physiological conditions because of abnormal status (transformed or cancer cells) species differences between humans. Organoids stem cell-derived self-organized three-dimensional culture in vitro model natural organs. Here we...

ABSTRACT A rapid antigen test for the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is essential control this disease at point management. The nucleocapsid (N) protein SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) abundantly expressed in infected-cell culture filtrate as demonstrable by Western blotting using convalescent-phase sera from patients with SARS. We used monoclonal antibodies specifically directed against N to establish a sensitive capture sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent...

Abstract Background Early and accurate diagnosis of dengue infection is essential for control disease outbreaks. Recently, the virus non-structural antigen 1 (NS1), a conserved secreted glycoprotein, has been used as marker early with convenience cost-effectiveness. Serological tests IgM IgG antibodies are still most widely dengue. In order to assess combined diagnostic value these tests, we study kinetic profiles circulating NS1, over course by using an in-house type (DENV1) specific NS1...

Aiming at the inherent nature and complexity of influence in-orbit micro-vibration in imaging quality segmented telescopes, a dynamic full-link opto-mechanical integration analysis method is proposed. The based on measured signals infrared refrigerator, using finite element to perform transient response system Patran/Nastran software. interface tool written by Matlab achieve calculation rigid body displacement real-time data interaction with Zemax. results show that when working wavelength 1...

Neutralising monoclonal antibody (mAb) is an important weapon in our arsenal for combating respiratory viral infections. However, the effectiveness of neutralising mAb has been impeded by rapid emergence mutant variants. Early administration broad-spectrum with improved delivery efficiency can potentially enhance efficacy and patient outcomes. WKS13 a humanised which was previously demonstrated to exhibit activity against SARS-CoV-2 In this study, dual targeting formulation strategy designed...

ABSTRACT Dengue virus (DENV), a member of the Flavivirus family, has four distinct serotypes (DENV serotype 1 [DENV1], DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4) that require differentiation for effective prevention morbid disease. Early rapid between flaviviruses remains challenging. Full assays combining individual, serotype-specific one group-specific nonstructural protein (NS1) antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISAs) based on monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against DENV NS1 were developed...

As a protein extracted from soybeans, soy isolate (SPI) may undergo the Maillard reaction (MR) with co-existing saccharides during processing of soy-containing foods, potentially altering its structural and functional properties. This work aimed to investigate effect mono- polysaccharides on structure properties SPI MR. The study found that compared oat β-glucan, rate between D-galactose was faster, leading higher degree glycosylation in SPI–galactose conjugate. β-glucan showed different...

Accurate and timely diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection is a critical step in preventing another global outbreak. In this study, 829 serum specimens were collected from 643 patients initially reported to be infected with SARS-CoV. The sera tested for the N protein SARS-CoV by using an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on monoclonal antibodies against compared 197 control samples healthy donors non-SARS febrile...

The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) is used widely to measure the activity of anti-dengue virus (DENV) antibodies, but it time-consuming and labor-intensive has low sample throughput. For fast convenient measurement neutralizing especially in evaluating efficiency DENV vaccines on a large scale, new method needed replace PRNT. In recent decades, several microneutralization assays have been developed overcome limitations present study, we evaluated one these, enzyme-linked...

Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne that causes severe health problems. An effective tetravalent dengue vaccine candidate can provide life-long protection simultaneously against all four DENV serotypes highly anticipated. A better understanding of the antibody response to envelope protein domain III (EDIII) may offer insights into development. Here, we identified 25 cross-reactive mAbs from immunization with Pichia pastoris -expressed EDIII single or serotype(s) using prime–boost...

Osteosarcoma is a primary bone tumor that mainly occurs in children and adolescents. Absent melanoma 2 (AIM2) has been demonstrated to be involved regulating the occurrence development of cancer, exerting oncogenic pro‑cancer effects; however, its role osteosarcoma poorly understood. The present study aimed explore function molecular mechanism AIM2 progression osteosarcoma. In study, expression was predicted using Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database examined several cell lines reverse...

Ring-contraction reactions are valuable transformations to access harder-to-synthesize smaller-sized rings from more available larger-sized precursors. Herein, we report an unprecedented lactam downsizing strategy by taking advantage of removable directing groups (DGs) and Rh-catalyzed C–C activation. A mild method for DG installation common substrates is developed employing silylated amines Ti catalysts, the resulting amidine moiety can be converted back lactams via acid mediated...

The dengue virus (DENV) has four distinct serotypes (DENV1, DENV2, DENV3, and DENV4) that require differentiation for effective prevention of morbid diseases. recently developed DENV1-specific NS1 antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) recognize epitopes nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) a specific DENV serotype is convenient cost-effective, but assays have not yet been 2 to 4. This paper describes development validation DENV2-specific...

To evaluate the cross-reactivity of anti-EV71 IgM and neutralizing antibody in series sera patients infected with EV71 CA16.Real-time RT-PCR, virus isolation, ELISA neutralization test were used to detect enteroviruses from clinical specimens 79 HFMD patients.27 EV71, 37 CA16, 11 other enterovirus-infected identified by RT-PCR. Among patients, positive ratios 87.5% during 1-3 days after onset 100% over 4 onset. In CA16 7.4%, 26.4%, 62.5% days, 4-6 6 onset, respectively. Meanwhile, results...

Influenza epidemics and pandemics are constant threats to global public health. Although strategies including vaccines antiviral drugs have achieved great advances in controlling influenza virus infection, the efficacy of these is limited by highly frequent mutations viral genome emergence drug-resistant strains. Our previous study indicated that boosting immunity human Vγ9Vδ2-T cells with phosphoantigen pamidronate could be a therapeutic strategy treat seasonal avian infections. However,...

Numerous serological detection kits are being rapidly developed and approved for screening diagnosing suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. However, cross-reactivity between pre-existing antibodies against other coronaviruses the captured antigens in these can affect accuracy, emphasizing necessity identifying highly specific antigen fragments antibody detection. Thus, we performed a conservation specificity analysis of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2)...

Human Vγ9Vδ2-T cells recognize nonpeptidic antigens and exert effector functions against microorganisms tumors, but little is known about their roles in humoral immune response influenza virus infection. Herein, the coculture of autologous human B cells, dendritic and/or naïve CD4 T we demonstrated that could facilitate H9N2 virus-specific IgG IgM productions a cell-dependent manner. promoted differentiation CXCR5+PD1+CD4+ Tfh CD19+IgD-CD38++ plasma drove cell proliferation as well Ig class...

The envelope domain III (EDIII) of the dengue virus (DENV) has been confirmed to be involved in receptor binding. It is target specific neutralizing antibodies, and considered a promising subunit vaccine candidate. However, several recent studies have shown that anti‑EDIII antibodies contribute little or enhancing ability human DENV‑infected serum. present study an analysis neutralization antibody‑dependent enhancement (ADE) activities EDIII‑reactive convalescent sera from patients with...

Although γδ-T cell-based tumor immunotherapy using phosphoantigens to boost cell immunity has shown success in some cancer patients, the clinical application is limited due rapid exhaustion of Vγ9Vδ2-T cells caused by repetitive stimulation from and profoundly immunosuppressive microenvironment (TME). In this study, a culture medium containing human viral interleukin-10 (hIL-10 vIL-10) secreted EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid B lines (EBV-LCL) mimic TEM, we found that antitumor activity was...