A5042140618- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Malaria Research and Control
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Neonatal and fetal brain pathology
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- interferon and immune responses
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Reproductive Health and Contraception
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
- Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2016-2025
Madison Group (United States)
2023
University of Wisconsin Foundation
2017
The Royal Free Hospital
2008
University College London
2008
University of Illinois Chicago
2000
National Institute for Medical Research
1972
Abstract Infection with Asian-lineage Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated Guillain–Barré syndrome and fetal abnormalities, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Animal models of infection are thus urgently needed. Here we show that rhesus macaques susceptible to by an ZIKV closely related strains currently circulating in Americas. Following subcutaneous inoculation, RNA is detected plasma 1 day post (d.p.i.) all animals ( N =8, including 2 pregnant animals), also present...
Infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated human congenital fetal anomalies. To model outcomes in nonhuman primates, we administered Asian-lineage ZIKV subcutaneously to four pregnant rhesus macaques. While non-pregnant animals a previous study contemporary the current report clear viremia within 10–12 days, maternal was prolonged 3 of 4 pregnancies. Fetal head growth velocity last month gestation determined by ultrasound assessment circumference decreased comparison biparietal diameter...
In yeast, the Ypt1 GTPase is required for ER-to-cis-Golgi and cis-to-medial-Golgi protein transport, while Ypt31/32 are a functional pair of GTPases essential exit from trans-Golgi. We have previously identified guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity characterized it as large membrane-associated complex that localizes to Golgi can be extracted membrane by salt, but not detergent. TRAPP ER-to-Golgi transport has properties similar those GEF. Here we show GEF activity. GST-tagged...
Background Zika virus (ZIKV; Flaviviridae, Flavivirus) was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2016, because evidence linking infection with ZIKV to neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barre Syndrome adults and congenital birth defects including microcephaly developing fetus. Because development vaccine is top research priority genetic antigenic variability many RNA viruses limits effectiveness vaccines,...
Culex flavivirus (CxFV) is an insect-specific globally distributed in mosquitoes of the genus Culex. CxFV was positively associated with West Nile virus (WNV) infection a case-control study 268 mosquito pools from endemic focus WNV transmission Chicago, United States. Specifically, WNV-positive were four times more likely also to be infected than spatiotemporally matched WNV-negative pools. In addition, residential sites characterized by dense housing and impermeable surfaces nearby urban...
Abstract Mouse and nonhuman primate models now serve as useful platforms to study Zika virus (ZIKV) pathogenesis, candidate therapies, vaccines, but they rely on needle inoculation of virus: the effects mosquito-borne infection disease outcome have not been explored in these models. Here we show that via mosquito bite delays ZIKV replication peak viral loads rhesus macaques. Importantly, mosquito-infected animals tissue distribution was limited hemolymphatic tissues, female reproductive...
Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection impacts fetal development and pregnancy outcomes. We infected a pregnant rhesus macaque with Puerto Rican ZIKV isolate in the first trimester. The was complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), intraamniotic bacterial demise 49 days post (gestational day 95). Significant pathology at maternal-fetal interface included acute chorioamnionitis, placental infarcts, leukocytoclastic vasculitis myometrial radial arteries. RNA disseminated...
Abstract Two years after the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, there is still a need for better ways to assess risk transmission in congregate spaces. We deployed active air samplers monitor presence SARS-CoV-2 real-world settings across communities Upper Midwestern states Wisconsin and Minnesota. Over 29 weeks, we collected 527 samples from 15 settings. detected 106 that were positive viral RNA, demonstrating can be continuous variety expanded utility surveillance test 40 other respiratory...
Dispersal is a critical life history behavior for mosquitoes and important the spread of mosquito-borne disease. We implemented first stable isotope mark-capture study to measure mosquito dispersal, focusing on Culex pipiens in southwest suburban Chicago, Illinois, hotspot West Nile virus (WNV) transmission. enriched nine catch basins 2010 2011 with 15N-potassium nitrate detected dispersal adult females emerging from these using CDC light gravid traps distances as far 3 km. 12 isotopically...
Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) are genetically antigenically related flaviviruses that now co-circulate in much of the tropical subtropical world. The rapid emergence ZIKV Americas 2015 2016, its recent associations with Guillain-Barré syndrome, birth defects, fetal loss have led to hypothesis DENV infection induces cross-reactive antibodies influence severity secondary infections. It has also been proposed pre-existing immunity could affect pathogenesis. We examined outcomes infections...
Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) and restuans Theobald are the primary enzootic bridge vectors of West Nile virus in eastern United States north 36° latitude. Recent studies natural history these species have implicated catch basins underground storm drain systems as important larval development sites urban suburban locales. Although presence larvae habitats is well-documented, influence abiotic factors on ecology developing them remains poorly understood. Therefore, we examined effects...
Zika virus is present in urine, saliva, tears, and breast milk, but the transmission risk associated with these body fluids currently unknown. Here we evaluate of through mucosal contact rhesus macaques. Application high-dose directly to tonsils three macaques results detectable plasma viremia all animals by 2 days post-exposure; replication kinetics are similar those observed infected subcutaneously. Three additional inoculated subcutaneously served as saliva donors assess from oral...
SARS-CoV-2 testing is crucial to controlling the spread of this virus, yet shortages nucleic acid extraction supplies and other key reagents have hindered response COVID-19 in US. Several groups described loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assays for SARS-CoV-2, including directly from nasopharyngeal swabs eliminating need short supply. Frequent surveillance individuals attending work or school currently unavailable most people but will likely be necessary reduce ~50% transmission...
Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic exposed difficulties in scaling current quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based diagnostic methodologies for large-scale infectious disease testing. Bottlenecks include lengthy multi-step processes nucleic acid extraction followed by qPCR readouts, which require costly instrumentation and infrastructure, as well reagent plastic consumable shortages stemming from supply chain constraints. Here we report an Oil Immersed Lossless Total Analysis System (OIL-TAS), integrates...
In the 2016 Zika virus (ZIKV) pandemic, a previously unrecognized risk of birth defects surfaced in babies whose mothers were infected with Asian-lineage ZIKV during pregnancy. Less is known about impacts gestational African-lineage infections. Given high human immunodeficiency (HIV) burdens regions where circulates, we evaluated whether pregnant rhesus macaques simian (SIV) have higher ZIKV-associated defects. Remarkably, both SIV+ and SIV- animals, infection early first trimester caused...
SUMMARY Temperature-sensitive mutants of adenovirus type 5 have been examined by various serological techniques. Cells infected with these at the non-permissive temperature responded in different ways and four main groups could be assigned on basis complement fixation tests, namely group I, which showed no major differences production capsid antigens; Group II, any III, fibre antigen; IV, limited hexon antigen variable yields penton base antigen. Fluorescent antibody tests further subdivided...
Animals can decrease their individual risk of predation by forming groups. The encounter-dilution hypothesis extends the potential benefits gregariousness to biting insects and vector-borne disease predicting that per capita number insect bites should within larger host Although diseases are common exert strong selective pressures on hosts, there have been few tests effect in natural systems. We conducted an experimental test using American robin ( Turdus migratorius ), a species for West...
Defining the complex dynamics of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnancy and during transmission between vertebrate hosts mosquito vectors is critical for a thorough understanding viral transmission, pathogenesis, immune evasion, potential reservoir establishment. Within-host diversity ZIKV low, which makes it difficult to evaluate dynamics. To overcome this biological hurdle, we constructed molecularly barcoded ZIKV. This stock consists "synthetic swarm" whose members are genetically...
Concerns have arisen that pre-existing immunity to dengue virus (DENV) could enhance Zika (ZIKV) disease, due the homology between ZIKV and DENV observation of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) among serotypes. To date, no study has examined impact on pathogenesis during pregnancy in a translational non-human primate model. Here we show macaques with prior DENV-2 exposure had higher burden vRNA maternal-fetal interface tissues as compared DENV-naive macaques. However, detectable...
ABSTRACT Immunodominant and highly conserved flavivirus envelope proteins can trigger cross-reactive IgG antibodies against related flaviviruses, which shapes subsequent protection or disease severity. This study examined how prior dengue serotype 3 (DENV-3) infection affects Zika virus (ZIKV) plasmablast responses in rhesus macaques ( n = 4). We found that DENV-3 was not associated with diminished ZIKV-neutralizing magnitude of activation. Rather, characterization 363 plasmablasts their...
Countermeasures against Zika virus (ZIKV), including vaccines, are frequently tested in nonhuman primates (NHP). Macaque models important for understanding how ZIKV infections impact human pregnancy due to similarities placental development. The lack of consistent adverse outcomes ZIKV-affected pregnancies poses a challenge macaque studies where group sizes often small (4-8 animals). Studies animal suggest that African-lineage viruses can cause more frequent and severe fetal outcomes. No...
Insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFVs) commonly infect vectors of mosquito-borne arboviruses. To investigate whether infection with an ISFV might affect mosquito flight behavior, we quantified behavior in Culex pipiens L. naturally infected flavivirus (CxFV). We observed a significant reduction the scotophase (dark hours) activity CxFV-positive mosquitoes relative to CxFV-negative mosquitoes, but only marginal photophase (light activity, and no change circadian pattern activity. These results...