A5101621973- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Quantum chaos and dynamical systems
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Gyrotron and Vacuum Electronics Research
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Dust and Plasma Wave Phenomena
- Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Theoretical and Computational Physics
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Laser Design and Applications
- Physics of Superconductivity and Magnetism
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies
- Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows
- Cold Fusion and Nuclear Reactions
- Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications
National Research Council
2000-2024
Institute for the Science and Technology of Plasmas
2020-2024
Institute of Plasma Physics
2007-2021
National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development
2009-2015
Japan External Trade Organization
2015
Culham Science Centre
2014
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2011
Lockheed Martin (United States)
2010
Politecnico di Milano
2008
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics
2008
The plasma diagnostic and control (D&C) system for a future tokamak demonstration fusion reactor (DEMO) will have to provide reliable operation near technical physics limits, while its front-end components be subject strong adverse effects within the nuclear high temperature environment. ongoing developments ITER D&C represent an important starting point progressing towards DEMO. Requirements detailed exploration of are however pushing design using sophisticated methods aiming large spatial...
Presented here is the design of Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM), a novel mechanical ventilator designed for rapid mass production in response to COVID-19 pandemic address urgent shortage intensive therapy ventilators many countries, and growing difficulty procuring these devices through normal supply chains across borders. This an electro-mechanical equivalent old reliable Manley Ventilator, able operate both pressure-controlled pressure-supported ventilation modes. MVM optimized...
The theoretical framework of quasi-optical propagation power absorption and driven current a Gaussian beam electron cyclotron (EC) waves in general tokamak equilibrium implemented the code GRAY is presented. Within complex eikonal approach, astigmatic described terms set coupled rays, allowing for diffraction effects. computation EC wave drive performed each ray beam, by means relativistic dispersion relation neoclassical response function current. has been designed tested calculations...
A 24 MW Electron Cyclotron (EC) system operating at 170 GHz and 3600 s pulse length is to be installed on ITER. The EC plant shall deliver 20 of this power the plasma for Heating Current Drive (H&CD) applications. designed initiation, central heating, current drive, profile tailoring, Magneto-hydrodynamic control (in particular, sawteeth Neo-classical Tearing Mode) in flat-top phase plasma. preliminary design review was performed 2012, which identified a need extended application...
The spectral 𝛾 ray emission from the reaction 3H(2H,𝛾)5He has been measured for first time in a magnetic confinement deuterium-tritium plasma experiment at Joint European Torus. A custom developed gamma spectrometer system based on LaBr3 scintillator combined to LiH neutron attenuator and zero dead fast digital data acquisition allowed measure weak under ≈105 more intense 14MeV field. 𝑅-matrix analysis of 5He nucleus used predict expected spectrum which compared with measurement, but...
We present the results of investigation about ion motion influence on relativistic soliton structure, and show that in case moving multinode solitons effect dynamics limiting its amplitude. The constraint maximum amplitude corresponds to either breaking low-node-number case, or electron trajectory self-intersection high-node-number solitons. leads generation fast ions, provides a novel mechanism for acceleration plasma irradiated by high-intensity laser pulses.
With particle-in-cell simulations we show that electromagnetic relativistically strong solitons, formed in the wake of laser pulse during interaction a high-intensity ultrashort with collisionless plasma, evolve asymptotically into postsolitons. A postsoliton is slowly expanding cavity ion and electron densities which traps energy. Fast ions are accelerated formation. Postsolitons elementary components relativistic turbulence laser-irradiated plasmas.
This paper presents the Control Circuit Encoding (CCE) technique used for calibrating digitally controlled phased arrays. The CCE method employs sets of orthogonal codes that are sequentially applied to all attenuators and phase-shifters in beamformer, allowing elements be measured in-situ simultaneously with a calibration probe far or near field array. In addition commanded gain & phase settings enables assessment antenna array RMS error, as well fast accurate measurement element patterns...
Abstract In the initial stages of ITER operation, ELM mitigation systems need to be commissioned. This requires controlled flat-top operation in type-I ELMy H-mode regimes. Hydrogen or helium plasma discharges are used exclusively these ensure negligible production neutrons from fusion reactions. With expected higher L-H power threshold hydrogen and plasmas compared corresponding D D/T plasmas, it is uncertain whether available auxiliary sufficient operate stable H-mode. has been...
It is shown that a very strong squeezing of the magnetic flux tube passing near divertor X point imposes stringent limitations on longitudinal correlation length flute-like perturbations point, and leads to decoupling in main part scrape-off layer from possible effects boundary conditions surface plates
Electron cyclotron wave beams injected from a launcher placed in the upper part of vessel will be used ITER to control MHD instabilities, particular neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs). Simplified NTM stabilization criteria have been past guide optimization launcher. Their derivation is reviewed this paper and their range applicability clarified. Moreover, possible effects leading deterioration predicted performance are discussed. Particularly critical context broadening electron-cyclotron...
Since the 2012 IAEA-FEC Conference, FTU operations have been largely devoted to runaway electrons generation and control, exploitation of 140 GHz electron cyclotron (EC) system liquid metal limiter elements. Experiments on shown that measured threshold electric field for their is larger than predicted by collisional theory can be justified considering synchrotron radiation losses. A new control algorithm was developed tested in presence a current plateau, allowing minimize interactions with...
The nonlinear behavior of reconnecting modes in three spatial dimensions (3D) is investigated, on the basis a collisionless fluid model slab geometry, assuming strong constant guide field one direction. Unstable so-called large Δ′ regime are considered. Single helicity modes, i.e., with same orientation respect to field, depending all coordinates correspond “oblique” with, general, mixed parity around corresponding resonant magnetic surface, giving rise drift island X point. coupling initial...
Relativistic solitons are self-trapped, finite-sized, electromagnetic waves of relativistic intensity that propagate without diffraction spreading. They have been predicted theoretically within the fluid approximation, and observed in multi-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations laser pulse interaction with plasma. Solitons were irradiated plasmas proton imaging technique as well. This paper reviews many theoretical results on electron–ion plasmas.
A detailed description of the 14 MeV neutron emission in plasmas heated by neutral beam injection has been carried out coupling Monte Carlo calculations spectrum with TRANSP modelling ion energy distributions. The model is used to study tritium experiments JET trace campaign for internal transport barrier (ITB) and H-mode discharges. For ITB discharges, measured well described using as input distribution calculated TRANSP. H mode discharges can be reproduced only if high tritons are lost...
The optimum conditions for access to and sustainment of H-mode plasmas their expected plasma parameters in the pre-fusion power operation 1 (PFPO-1) phase ITER research plan, where additional heating will be provided by 20 MW electron cyclotron heating, are assessed order identify key open R&D issues. assessment is performed on basis empirical physics-based scalings derived from present experiments integrated modelling these including a range first-principle transport models core plasma....
The intrinsic limited toroidal electric field (0.3 V m−1) in devices with superconducting poloidal coils (ITER, JT-60SA) requires additional heating, like electron cyclotron (EC) waves, to initiate plasma and sustain it during the burn-through phase. FTU tokamak has contributed studying perspective of EC assisted breakdown. Afterward, a new experimental modeling activity addressing study start-up configuration close ITER one (magnetic field, oblique injection, polarization) been performed is...
The design of the ITER Electron Cyclotron Heating and Current Drive (EC H&CD) system has evolved in last years both goals functionalities by considering an expanded range applications. A large effort been devoted to a better integration equatorial upper launchers, from point view performance impact on engineering constraints. However, analysis ECCD two references H-mode scenarios at burn (the inductive advanced non-inductive scenario), it was clear that EC power deposition not optimal...
In the four-stage approach of new ITER Research Plan, first pre-fusion power operation (PFPO) phase will only have limited available from external heating and current drive (H&CD) systems: 20–30 MW provided by electron cyclotron resonance (ECRH) system. Accessing H-mode confinement regime at such low auxiliary requires operating magnetic field, plasma density, i.e. 1.8 T 5 MA for a density between 40% 50% Greenwald density. plasmas MA/1.8 also be investigated in second PFPO when its full...
The results of analytical and numerical investigations on the properties one-dimensional (nondrifting) solitons relativistic amplitude, in presence an externally imposed uniform magnetic field B0, are presented compared with those unmagnetized plasma theory (Esirkepov et al., Pis'ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, 33 (1998) [JETP Lett. 36 (1998)]). a longitudinal field, intensity which corresponds to electron cyclotron frequency Omega(e)=eB(0)/m(e)c that is non-negligible fraction laser omega(0),...
We demonstrate that a dark soliton is stable nonlinear coherent mode in electron-positron plasmas. The comprises the minimum of electromagnetic energy density and plasma density. Contrary to bright soliton, can advect trapped charged particles. particles well above kinetic background plasma.
The JT-60SA tokamak, being built under the Broader Approach agreement jointly by Europe and Japan, is due to start operation in 2020 expected give substantial contributions both ITER DEMO scenario optimisation. A broad set of preparation activities for an efficient experiments on carried out, involving elaboration Research Plan, advanced modelling various domains, feasibility conception studies diagnostics other sub-systems connection with priorities scientific programme, development...