A5077219377- Viral Infections and Vectors
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Leptospirosis research and findings
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Fungal Infections and Studies
- Burkholderia infections and melioidosis
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Malaria Research and Control
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre
2016-2025
Christian Medical College & Hospital
2011-2025
Tumaini University
2011-2024
National University of Singapore
2024
University of Otago
2024
Duke University Health System
2024
Moshi Co-operative University
2024
Christian Medical College
2011-2012
National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases
2011
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2011
Introduction The syndrome of fever is a commonly presenting complaint among persons seeking healthcare in low-resource areas, yet the public health community has not approached comprehensive manner. In many malaria over-diagnosed, and patients without have poor outcomes. Methods Findings We prospectively studied cohort 870 pediatric adult febrile admissions to two hospitals northern Tanzania over period one year using conventional standard diagnostic tests establish etiology. Malaria was...
Background. Few studies describe patterns of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infections in African hospitals the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era.
Consecutive febrile admissions were enrolled at two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania. Confirmed acute Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV), and flavivirus infection defined as a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result. Presumptive DENV was anti-DENV immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA) result, prior exposure IgG ELISA Among 870 participants, PCR testing performed on 700 (80.5%). Of these, 55 (7.9%) had confirmed CHIKV infection, whereas no participants or...
Background. The importance of Q fever, spotted fever group rickettsiosis (SFGR), and typhus (TGR) as causes febrile illness in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown; the putative role a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection unclear. Methods. We identified inpatients Moshi, Tanzania, from September 2007 through August 2008 collected acute- convalescent-phase serum samples. A ≥4-fold increase immunoglobulin (Ig) G immunfluorescence assay (IFA) titer to Coxiella burnetii phase II antigen...
Background In sub-Saharan Africa, kidney failure has a high morbidity and mortality. Despite this, population-based estimates of prevalence, potential etiologies, awareness are not available. Methods Between January June 2014, we conducted household survey randomly-selected adults in Northern Tanzania. To estimate prevalence screened for CKD, which was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤ 60 ml/min/1.73m2 and/or persistent albuminuria. We also human immunodeficiency virus...
In sub-Saharan Africa, diabetes is a growing burden, yet little known about its prevalence, risk factors, and complications. To address these gaps help inform public health efforts aimed at prevention treatment, we conducted community-based study assessing epidemiology.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease that affects more than one million people worldwide each year. Human infection acquired through direct or indirect contact with the urine of an infected animal. A wide range animals including rodents and livestock may shed Leptospira bacteria act as source for people. In Kilimanjaro Region northern Tanzania, leptospirosis important cause acute febrile illness, yet relatively little known about animal hosts in this area. The roles ruminant...
We enrolled consecutive febrile admissions to two hospitals in Moshi, Tanzania. Confirmed leptospirosis was defined as a ≥ 4-fold increase microscopic agglutination test (MAT) titer; probable reciprocal MAT titer 800; and exposure pathogenic leptospires 100. Among 870 patients the study, 453 (52.1%) had paired sera available, 40 (8.8%) of these met definition for confirmed leptospirosis. Of 832 with 1 serum sample 30 (3.6%) an additional 277 (33.3%) evidence leptospires. those most common...
As antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV becomes increasingly available in low and middle income countries (LMICs), understanding reasons lack of adherence is critical to stemming the tide infections improving health. Understanding effect psychosocial experiences mental health symptomatology on ART can help maximize benefit expanded programs by indicating types services, which could be offered combination with care.The Coping HIV/AIDS Tanzania (CHAT) study a longitudinal cohort Kilimanjaro...
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of death among adults in sub-Saharan Africa, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is growing public health threat. Understanding knowledge, attitudes, practices associated with NCDs vital to informing optimal policy responses the region, but few community-based assessments have been performed for CKD. To address this gap, we conducted cross-sectional survey northern Tanzania using validated instrument.Between January June 2014, administered...
Diabetes is a growing burden in sub-Saharan Africa where traditional medicines (TMs) remain primary form of healthcare many settings. In Tanzania, TMs are frequently used to treat non-communicable diseases, yet little known about TM practices for diseases like diabetes. Between December 2013 and June 2014, we assessed practices, including types, frequencies, reasons, modes, among randomly selected community members. To further characterize relevant the local treatment diabetes, also...
Background. Disseminated tuberculosis is a major health problem in countries where generalized human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection epidemics coincide with high incidence rates; data are limited on patient outcomes beyond the inpatient period.
Hepatitis B virus infection is a global health problem with the highest prevalence in East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. The majority of infected people, including healthcare workers are unaware their status. This study aimed to determining seroprevalence hepatitis associated factors among northern Tanzania.This cross-sectional included 442 (HCWs) from tertiary teaching hospital Tanzania before nationwide vaccination campaign 2004. Questionnaire- based interviews were used obtain detailed...
Introduction Leptospirosis is a major cause of febrile illness in Africa but little known about risk factors for human infection. We conducted cross-sectional study to investigate acute leptospirosis and Leptospira seropositivity among patients with fever attending referral hospitals northern Tanzania. Methods enrolled from two Moshi, Tanzania, 2012–2014, performed microscopic agglutination testing on convalescent serum. Cases were participants four-fold rise antibody titers, or single...
Little is known about the epidemiology of human brucellosis in sub-Saharan Africa. This hampers prevention and control efforts at individual population levels. To evaluate risk factors for northern Tanzania, we conducted a study patients presenting with fever to two hospitals Moshi, Tanzania. Serum taken enrollment 4-6 week follow-up was tested by
Abstract Brucellosis is an endemic zoonosis in sub-Saharan Africa. Pastoralists are at high risk of infection but data on brucellosis from these communities scarce. The study objectives were to: estimate the prevalence human brucellosis, identify Brucella spp. causing illness, describe non- bloodstream infections, and factors for febrile patients a pastoralist community Tanzania. Fourteen (6.1%) 230 participants enrolled between August 2016 October 2017 met criteria confirmed (febrile...
Little is known about community knowledge of myocardial infarction symptoms and perceptions self-risk in sub-Saharan Africa.A survey was conducted northern Tanzania, where the prevalence cardiovascular risk factors high. Households were selected randomly a population-weighted fashion surveys administered to self-identified household healthcare decision-makers. Respondents asked list all heart attack whether they thought had chance suffering attack. Associations between participant...
Abstract Spotted fever group rickettsioses (SFGR) pose a global threat as emerging zoonotic infectious diseases; however, timely and cost-effective diagnostic tools are currently limited. We used data from 449 patients presenting to 2 hospitals in northern Tanzania between 2007 2008, of which 71 (15.8%) met criteria for acute SFGR based on ≥4-fold rise antibody titers convalescent serum samples. fit random forest classifiers incorporating clinical demographic hospitalized febrile...
We conducted a randomised population-based cluster survey in northern Tanzania to assess care-seeking behaviours the context of febrile illness. Our objectives were determine most effective points for intervention during initial fever case management and characterise factors associated with care-seeking. The primary sampling unit, or cluster, was village, secondary unit household. Villages selected population-weighted fashion, households randomly within each village. At household, surveys...
Few data exist on the relative importance of individual Cryptosporidium species in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cryptosporidiosis. We characterized 127 inpatients infected with human virus (HIV) Tanzania for their CD4 cell count and by stool analysis, including immunofluorescence polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. was detected patients both without diarrheal symptoms (defined as > or = 3 liquid stools/day, 11 61 versus 66; P not significant) a marker...
Background The incidence of leptospirosis, a neglected zoonotic disease, is uncertain in Tanzania and much sub-Saharan Africa, resulting scarce data on which to prioritize resources for public health interventions disease control. In this study, we estimate the leptospirosis two districts Kilimanjaro Region Tanzania. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted population-based household care utilization survey identified cases at hospital-based fever sentinel surveillance sites Region. used...
Abstract Objectives Cryptococcal antigen ( CRAG ) screening at antiretroviral therapy ART initiation and pre‐emptive antifungal treatment for those testing positive could prevent many cases of cryptococcal meningitis CM ). To investigate whether would be feasible in Tanzania, we conducted a cross‐sectional study measuring prevalence clinic patients comparing the novel lateral flow assay LFA with latex agglutination LA test. Methods Consecutive HIV ‐infected outpatients CD 4 counts <200...
Histoplasmosis may be common in East Africa but the diagnosis is rarely confirmed. We report 9 (0.9%) cases of probable histoplasmosis retrospectively identified among 970 febrile inpatients studied northern Tanzania. Median (range) age was 31 (6, 44) years, 6 (67%) were female, HIV-infected; 7 (78%) clinically diagnosed with tuberculosis or bacterial pneumonia. an important cause illness Tanzania considered differential diagnosis. Increased clinician awareness and availability reliable...