Objective Metformin is used to treat type 2 diabetes. We sought determine whether metformin reduces inflammation, by regulating p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression T-helper 17 (Th17) cell proliferation, in a mouse model inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods IBD mice were administered for 16 days their tissues analyzed. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), the mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR), p-STAT3 p-STAT5 spleen lymph nodes detected using...

Metformin is widely used to suppress certain functions of the cells found in diseases including diabetes and obesity. In this study, effects metformin on downregulating IL-17-producing T (Th17) cells, activating upregulating regulatory (Treg) suppressing osteoclastogenesis, clinically scoring collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were investigated. To evaluate effect CIA, mice orally fed with either or saline as control three times a week for nine weeks. Histological analysis joints was performed...

Abstract Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are a major cell population of the pannus that invades cartilage and bone in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). FLS resistance to apoptosis is characteristic RA. The aims this study were investigate effects interleukin-17 (IL-17) IL-17-producing T helper (Th17) cells on FLSs from RA patients (RA FLSs) their roles mitochondrial dysfunction autophagy. Mitochondrial function was assessed osteoarthritis (OA FLSs). treated with IL-17 morphological features,...

Early detection and surgical treatment are essential to achieve a good outcome in gastric cancer (GC). Stage IV recurrent GC have poor prognosis. Therefore, new treatments for needed. We investigated the intestinal microbiome of patients attempted reverse immunosuppression immune cells through modulation metabolites. evaluated levels programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) interleukin (IL)-10 peripheral blood immunocytes patients. Cancer tissues were obtained from who underwent resection GC,...

Abstract IL-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine composed of p19 subunit and the p40 IL-12. has proinflammatory activity, inducing IL-17 secretion from activated CD4+ T cells stimulating proliferation memory cells. We investigated pathogenic role in mice lacking IL-1R antagonist (IL-1Ra−/−), an animal model spontaneous arthritis. was strongly expressed inflamed joints IL-1Ra−/− mice. Recombinant adenovirus expressing mouse (rAd/mIL-23) significantly accelerated this joint inflammation destruction....

To examine the catabolic pathways mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands in human osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes.The presence of TLRs OA and non-OA articular cartilage was analyzed immunohistochemistry. The regulation TLR messenger RNA (mRNA) interleukin-1 (IL-1) tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. For stimulation TLR-2 TLR-4, chondrocytes were treated with Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan lipopolysaccharides (LPS), respectively....

To examine the regulatory role of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in expression RANKL and induction osteoclastogenesis rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Concentrations IL-22 serum synovial fluid RA patients were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. fibroblasts treated with recombinant human (rhIL-22), messenger RNA (mRNA) protein was real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, intracellular immunostaining. Human monocytes cocultured IL-22-prestimulated macrophage colony-stimulating...

Abstract Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogenous populations of immature myeloid progenitor with immunoregulatory function. MDSCs play critical roles in controlling the processes autoimmunity but their rheumatoid arthritis (RA) controversial. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether have therapeutic impact mice collagen-induced (CIA), an animal model RA. We also examined mechanisms underlying anti-arthritic effect MDSCs. In vitro treatment repressed IL-17...

Abstract Circulating autoantibodies and immune complex deposition are pathological hallmarks of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). B cell differentiation into plasma cells (PCs) some T subsets that function as helpers can be therapeutic targets SLE. Mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is implicated in the formation germinal centers (GCs). We assessed effect metformin, which inhibits mTOR, on development autoimmunity using Roquinsan/san mice. Oral administration metformin inhibited...

Disruption of the balance among microbiota, epithelial cells, and resident immune cells in intestine is involved pathogenesis inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Probiotics exert protective effects against IBD, probiotic commensal Lactobacillus species are common inhabitants natural especially gut. To investigate acidophilus on development L. was administered orally mice with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. DSS-induced damage therapeutic effect were investigated. Treatment...

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) on various B cell subsets, including regulatory cells, as well potential therapeutic effects MDSC infusion in an animal model systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Splenocytes were cultured with MDSCs, and populations effector T subsets analyzed by flow cytometry. Lupus mice (roquinsan/san mice) treated intravenously MDSCs obtained from C57BL/6 mice, levels serum autoantibodies, degree proteinuria,...

Interferon γ (IFN-γ) induces an inflammatory response and apoptotic cell death. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease associated with increased levels of mediators, including tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) T helper (Th) 17 cells, downregulation apoptosis cells. We hypothesized that IFN-γ would reduce death in vitro loss aggravate inflammation vivo. downregulated necroptosis the expression cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIPL) mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL)....

To investigate the impact of STA-21, a promising STAT-3 inhibitor, on development and progression inflammatory arthritis to determine possible mechanisms by which STA-21 has antiarthritic effects in interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-knockout (IL-1Ra-KO) mice, an animal model rheumatoid (RA).IL-1Ra-KO mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections (0.5 mg/kg) or vehicle 3 times per week for weeks. The mouse joints assessed clinical histologic features arthritis. CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent characterized by immunomodulatory properties and therefore considered a promising tool for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. One functional B-cell subset, regulatory B (Bregs), has recently been shown to restrain excessive inflammatory responses in In present study, we investigated impact human adipose-derived MSCs on Bregs their therapeutic effect an animal model systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Coculture with splenocytes from C57BL/6...

Obesity and its associated metabolic disorders are related to the onset of fatty liver balance white adipose tissue (WAT) brown (BAT). We hypothesized that metformin, an effective pharmacological treatment for type 2 diabetes, would inhibit adipogenesis, liver, dysfunction. Metformin was treated daily 14 weeks in a high-fat dieting C57BL/6J mice. Serum biomarkers were analyzed protein level assessed using confocal staining or flow cytometry. The development lipid drops cells adipocyte...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation of the joints and extra-articular manifestations. Recent studies have shown that microorganisms affect RA pathogenesis. However, few examined microbial distribution early patients, particularly female patients. In present study, we investigated gut microbiome profile functions in including preclinical clinically apparent cases. Changes microbiological diversity, composition, function each group were...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Recently, investigators have focused on the gut microbiota, which thought to be an factor that affects development of RA. Metabolites secreted microbiota maintain homeostasis in through various mechanisms [e.g., butyrate, one major metabolites exerts anti-inflammatory effect activating G-protein-coupled receptors inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs)]. Here, we inhibition HDACs...

Keloid is an abnormal fibrotic disease after cutaneous injury characterized by exaggerated scar tissue formation, which often extends beyond the boundaries of original wound. Although chronic inflammation known to be associated with excessive in keloid tissue, there are few studies on role autophagy pathogenesis keloid. In this study, we evaluated pattern fibroblasts (KF) and normal (NF). Expression HIF-1α, STAT3 autophagic flux markers were KF NF. Defective caused IL-17 was evaluated,...

Osteoarthritis (OA) reduces the quality of life as a result pain caused by continuous joint destruction. Inactivated Lactobacillus (LA-1) ameliorated osteoarthritis and protected cartilage modulating inflammation. In this study, we evaluated mechanism which live LA-1 OA. To investigate effect on OA progression, administered into monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced animals. The threshold, damage, inflammation synovial membrane were improved LA-1. Furthermore, analysis intestinal tissues...

Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory disease that leads to joint destruction and functional disability due the targeting of self-antigens present in synovium, cartilage, bone. RA caused by number complex factors, including genetics, environment, dietary habits, altered intestinal microbial flora. Microorganisms gut bind nod-like receptors Toll-like regulate immune system produce various metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) interact...