A5032639545- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- interferon and immune responses
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
Peter Doherty Institute
2020-2025
The University of Melbourne
2020-2025
San Diego Biomedical Research Institute
2017-2018
Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness
2009-2015
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
2009-2015
Animal, Food and Health Sciences
2013
Monash University
2009
Bats are the suspected natural reservoir hosts for a number of new and emerging zoonotic viruses including Nipah virus, Hendra severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus Ebola virus. Since discovery SARS-like coronaviruses in Chinese horseshoe bats, attempts to isolate SL-CoV from bats have failed other bat-borne various mammalian cell lines been similarly unsuccessful. New stable bat needed help with these investigations as tools assist study immunology virus-host interactions.Black...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an unprecedented need for diagnostic testing that is critical controlling the spread of COVID-19. We propose a portable infrared spectrometer with purpose-built transflection accessory rapid point-of-care detection COVID-19 markers saliva. Initially, purified virion particles were characterized Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron (IR) and AFM-IR. A data set comprising 171 spectra from 29 subjects positive SARS-CoV-2 by...
The global urgency to uncover medical countermeasures combat the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has revealed an unmet need for robust tissue culture models that faithfully recapitulate key features of human tissues and disease. Infection nose is considered dominant initial site SARS-CoV-2 infection replicate this entry portal offer greatest potential examining demonstrating effectiveness designed prevent or manage highly communicable...
The diversity of COVID-19 disease in otherwise healthy people, from seemingly asymptomatic infection to severe life-threatening disease, is not clearly understood. We passaged a naturally occurring near-ancestral SARS-CoV-2 variant, capable infecting wild-type mice, and identified viral genomic mutations coinciding with the acquisition young adult mice lethality aged animals. Transcriptomic analysis lung tissues elucidated host antiviral response dominated mainly by interferon IL-6 pathway...
The SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) is both the principal target of neutralizing antibodies and one most rapidly evolving domains, which can result in emergence immune escape mutations, limiting effectiveness vaccines antibody therapeutics. To facilitate surveillance, we developed a rapid, high-throughput, multiplex assay able to assess inhibitory response 24 RBD natural variants simultaneously. We demonstrate how this be implemented as rapid surrogate for functional cell-based...
The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic has fuelled the generation of vaccines at an unprecedented pace and scale. However, many challenges remain, including: emergence vaccine-resistant mutant viruses, vaccine stability during storage transport, waning vaccine-induced immunity, concerns about infrequent adverse events associated with existing vaccines.We report on a protein subunit comprising receptor-binding domain (RBD) ancestral spike protein, dimerised immunoglobulin IgG1 Fc domain. These were...
Existing mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have shown efficacy in reducing severe cases and fatalities. However, their effectiveness against infection caused by emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants has waned considerably, necessitating the development of variant vaccines. Ideally, next-generation will be capable eliciting broader more sustained immune responses to effectively counteract new variants. Additionally, vitro assays that closely represent virus neutralization humans would greatly assist analysis...
There is now an overwhelming body of evidence that implicates bats in the dissemination a long list emerging and re-emerging viral agents, often causing illnesses or death both animals humans. Despite this, there paucity information regarding immunological mechanisms by which coexist with highly pathogenic viruses. Immunoglobulins are major components adaptive immune system. Early studies found may have quantitatively lower antibody responses to model antigens compared conventional...
The extensive glycosylation of HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein leaves few glycan-free holes large enough to admit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAb). Consequently, most bnAbs must inevitably make some glycan contacts and avoid clashes with others. To investigate how Env maturation regulates HIV sensitivity bnAbs, we modified pseudovirus (PV) using various glycoengineering (GE) tools. Promoting the α-2,6 sialic acid (SA) termini increased PV two that target V2 apex one interface between...
Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has resulted in an unprecedented need for diagnostic testing that is critical controlling the spread of COVID‐19. We propose a portable infrared spectrometer with purpose‐built transflection accessory rapid point‐of‐care detection COVID‐19 markers saliva. Initially, purified virion particles were characterized Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron (IR) and AFM‐IR. A data set comprising 171 spectra from 29 subjects positive...
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccination of cows has elicited broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). In this study, monoclonal (mAbs) are isolated from a clade A (KNH1144 and BG505) vaccinated cow using heterologous B antigen (AD8). CD4 binding site (CD4bs) bNAb (MEL-1872) is more potent than majority CD4bs bNAbs so far. MEL-1872 mAb with CDRH3 57 amino acids shows potency (geometric mean half-maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]: 0.009 μg/mL; breadth: 66%) VRC01 against...
The development of therapeutics to prevent or treat COVID-19 remains an area intense focus. Protein biologics, including monoclonal antibodies and nanobodies that neutralize virus, have potential for the treatment active disease. Here, we used yeast display a synthetic nanobody library isolate bind receptor-binding domain (RBD) SARS-CoV-2 virus. We show combining two clones with distinct binding epitopes within RBD into single protein construct generate biparatopic reagents dramatically...
In recent years, bats have been identified as a natural reservoir for diverse range of viruses. Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NBV) was first isolated from the heart blood fruit bat (Pteropus poliocephalus) in 1968. While pathogenesis NBV remains unknown, other related members this group caused acute respiratory disease humans. Thus potential to impact human health appears plausible. Here, increase our knowledge NBV, we examined replication and infectivity using different mammalian cell lines...
Abstract Inducing humoral, cellular and mucosal immunity is likely to improve the effectiveness of HIV-1 vaccine strategies. Here, we tested a regimen in pigtail macaques using an intranasal (i.n.) recombinant Fowl Pox Virus (FPV)- gag pol env -IL-4R antagonist prime, intramuscular (i.m.) Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA)- boost followed by i.m SOSIP-gp140 boost. The viral vector—expressed IL-4R transiently inhibited IL-4/IL-13 signalling at vaccination site. SOSIP booster not only induced...
Abstract To address the limitations of whole-spike COVID vaccines, we explored mRNA vaccines encoding membrane-anchored receptor-binding domain (RBD-TMs), each a fusion variant RBD, transmembrane (TM) and cytoplasmic tail (CT) fragments SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. In naive mice, RBD-TM against ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Beta, Delta, Delta-plus, Kappa, Omicron BA.1 or BA.5, all induced strong humoral responses target RBD. Multiplex surrogate viral neutralization (sVNT) assays indicated broad...
Continuous assessment of the impact SARS-CoV-2 on host at cell-type level is crucial for understanding key mechanisms involved in defense responses to viral infection. We investigated response ancestral-strain and Alpha-variant infections within air-liquid-interface human nasal epithelial cells from younger adults (26-32 Y) older children (12-14 using single-cell RNA-sequencing. Ciliated secretory-ciliated formed majority highly infected cell-types, with latter derived ciliated lineages....
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Background: SARS-CoV-2 booster vaccination should ideally enhance protection against variants and minimise immune imprinting. This Phase I trial evaluated two vaccines targeting beta-variant receptor-binding domain (RBD): a recombinant dimeric RBD-human IgG1 Fc-fusion protein, an mRNA encoding membrane-anchored RBD. Methods: 76 healthy adults aged 18–64y, previously triple vaccinated with licensed vaccines, were randomised to receive 4th dose of either adjuvanted (MF59®, CSL Seqirus) protein...
Abstract As vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are now being rolled out, a better understanding of immunity to the virus; whether through infection, or passive active immunisation, and durability this protection is required. This will benefit from ability measure immunity, ideally with rapid turnaround without need for laboratory-based testing. Current point-of-care (POC) tests antibodies (Ab) virus, however, these provide no information on can neutralise virus infectivity potentially protective,...
Abstract The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic has fuelled the generation of vaccines at an unprecedented pace and scale. However, many challenges remain, including: emergence vaccine-resistant mutant viruses, vaccine stability during storage transport, waning vaccine-induced immunity, concerns about infrequent adverse events associated with existing vaccines. Here, we report on a protein subunit comprising receptor-binding domain (RBD) ancestral spike protein, dimerised immunoglobulin IgG1 Fc...